RT Journal Article ID 701ae35d1871862a A1 Pinto, Cristal S. C. A1 dos Santos, Elisabete P. A1 Mansur, Claudia Regina E. T1 Niosomes as Nano-Delivery Systems in the Pharmaceutical Field JF Critical Reviews™ in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems JO CRT YR 2016 FD 2016-09-19 VO 33 IS 2 SP 195 OP 212 K1 vesicular nanosystems K1 niosomes K1 polymeric surfactants K1 drug delivery K1 gene delivery AB Nanosystems used in the pharmaceutical field aim to guarantee a controlled release and efficacy boost with dose reduction of the drug. The same active ingredient could be vehiculated in different concentrations in distinct nanosystems. Among these nanostructures, the vesicular ones present a versatile delivery system that could be applied to encapsulate lipophilic, amphiphilic, and hydrophilic compounds. Liposomes are the most well-known vesicular nanosystems; however, there are others, such as niosomes, that are composed of nonionic surfactants that are polymeric or conventional. Niosomes could be prepared using the thin film hydration method, in which the active ingredient is solubilized in organic solvent with the surfactant or in aqueous solution depending on its polarity. In addition, co-surfactants could be used to improve stabilization and vesicle integrity because they occupy regions in the interface where the mainly surfactant could not reach. Vesicular nanosystems could be characterized by different techniques, such as microscopy, dynamic light scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance, and others. These nanostructures could be applied to drugs (administered by different routes) or to gene and cosmetic delivery systems. PB Begell House LK https://www.dl.begellhouse.com/journals/3667c4ae6e8fd136,3e868ea50400cfbb,701ae35d1871862a.html