RT Journal Article ID 2e5b7d84616db540 A1 Khalid, M. N. A1 Shameel, M. T1 Phycochemistry and Bioactivity of Twelve Freshwater Algae of Pakistan JF International Journal on Algae JO IJA YR 2012 FD 2012-05-17 VO 14 IS 2 SP 163 OP 181 K1 algae K1 Cyanophycota K1 C hlorophycota K1 C harophycota K1 bioactivity K1 phycochemistry K1 fatty acids K1 sterols K1 terpenes K1 carbohydrates. AB Twelve commonly occurring species of freshwater benthic algae, i.e., Chara zeylanica Klein ex Willd., Cladophora glom erata (L.) Kutz., C. ok amurai (Ueda) van den Hoek, Gloeotrichia raciborskii Wolosz., Lyngbya m ajuscula (Dillwyn) Harv., L. m artensiana Menegh., Microcystis aeruginosa (Kutz.) Kutz., Microspora floccosa (Vaucher) Thur., Nitella hyalina (De Candolle) C.A. Agardh, Oscillatoria princeps Vaucher, Spirogyra hyalina Cleve,, and S. rhizoides Randhawa have been collected from different areas in Sindh Province of Pakistan. These algae, which belong to three phyla Cyanophycota, C hlorophycota and Charophycota, have been investigated phycochemically as well as from the viewpoint of bioactivity, and the results obtained were compared with those of their counterparts found in the estuarine and marine environments. A variety of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were detected in the methanol extracts of the investigated algal species and analyzed as methyl esters qualitatively as well as quantitatively through GLC and GC-MS techniques. Also, several hydrocarbons, sterols, terpenes, carbohydrates, and glycosides have also been isolated from them and purified. Their structures were chemically elucidated through standard chemical methods, e.g., IR and UV, EI-, FAB-, FD-, GC- and HR-MS, and 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The crude extracts of the investigated species have also been tested for their biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic activities. PB Begell House LK https://www.dl.begellhouse.com/journals/7dd4467e7de5b7ef,49e3861f65a6b120,2e5b7d84616db540.html