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Critical Reviews™ in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems

Publicou 6 edições por ano

ISSN Imprimir: 0743-4863

ISSN On-line: 2162-660X

The Impact Factor measures the average number of citations received in a particular year by papers published in the journal during the two preceding years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) IF: 2.7 To calculate the five year Impact Factor, citations are counted in 2017 to the previous five years and divided by the source items published in the previous five years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) 5-Year IF: 3.6 The Immediacy Index is the average number of times an article is cited in the year it is published. The journal Immediacy Index indicates how quickly articles in a journal are cited. Immediacy Index: 0.8 The Eigenfactor score, developed by Jevin West and Carl Bergstrom at the University of Washington, is a rating of the total importance of a scientific journal. Journals are rated according to the number of incoming citations, with citations from highly ranked journals weighted to make a larger contribution to the eigenfactor than those from poorly ranked journals. Eigenfactor: 0.00023 The Journal Citation Indicator (JCI) is a single measurement of the field-normalized citation impact of journals in the Web of Science Core Collection across disciplines. The key words here are that the metric is normalized and cross-disciplinary. JCI: 0.39 SJR: 0.42 SNIP: 0.89 CiteScore™:: 5.5 H-Index: 79

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Enhancement of Transdermal Delivery of Heparin by Various Physical and Chemical Enhancement Techniques

Volume 26, Edição 6, 2009, pp. 581-606
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v26.i6.20
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RESUMO

Conventional anticoagulants such as unfractionated heparin and warfarin have numerous limitations compared with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). However, the need for repetitive parenteral administration is still a major disadvantage of LMWH, and the absorption of macromolecules such as LMWH across the gastrointestinal tract is very poor. Due to these problems with oral delivery of LMWH, transdermal delivery can be considered as an alternate route of administration. However, overcoming the skin barrier is necessary for the transport of larger molecules across the stratum corneum. This review focuses on the transdermal delivery of LMWH, providing a brief overview of heparin delivery via invasive and oral routes and discusses the advantages of using LMWH rather than heparin for transdermal delivery, and the primary reasons for poor permeability of LMWH. Various strategies employed for transdermal delivery of heparin are summarized, and chemical and physical enhancement techniques or suitable formulations that can be used to improve transcutaneous penetration and various chemical enhancers that act on the skin by different modes of action are discussed. We also consider physical approaches such as iontophoresis, electroporation, and ultrasound, as well as combination strategies to deliver heparin. The developments in physical and chemical enhancement strategies over the past decade are summarized. In addition, recent novel approaches such as microneedles employed for the transdermal delivery of LMWH are also discussed.

CITADO POR
  1. Cheung Karmen, Das Diganta B., Microneedles for drug delivery: trends and progress, Drug Delivery, 23, 7, 2016. Crossref

  2. Ita Kevin, Transdermal delivery of heparin: Physical enhancement techniques, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 496, 2, 2015. Crossref

  3. Franzè S., Gennari C.G.M., Minghetti P., Cilurzo F., Influence of chemical and structural features of low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) on skin penetration, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 481, 1-2, 2015. Crossref

  4. Yan Z, Hui T H, Fong H W, Shao X, Cho W C, Ngan K C, Yip T C, Lin Y, An electroporation platform for Erlotinib resistance screening in living non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express, 4, 2, 2018. Crossref

  5. Mulloy Barbara, Hogwood John, Gray Elaine, Lever Rebecca, Page Clive P., Sibley David R., Pharmacology of Heparin and Related Drugs, Pharmacological Reviews, 68, 1, 2016. Crossref

  6. Tokumoto Seiji, Higo Naruhito, Todo Hiroaki, Sugibayashi Kenji, Effect of Combination of Low-Frequency Sonophoresis or Electroporation with Iontophoresis on the Mannitol Flux or Electroosmosis through Excised Skin, Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 39, 7, 2016. Crossref

  7. Ita Kevin, Sonophoresis, in Transdermal Drug Delivery, 2020. Crossref

  8. Hosseinzadeh Hossein, Nassiri-Asl Marjan, Anticoagulants and Antiplatelet Drugs, in Comprehensive Pharmacology, 2022. Crossref

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