RT Journal Article ID 09e37c0900ab77b6 A1 Hosking, Martin P. A1 Lane, Thomas E. T1 The Pathogenesis of Murine Coronavirus Infection of the Central Nervous System JF Critical Reviews™ in Immunology JO CRI YR 2010 FD 2010-04-02 VO 30 IS 2 SP 119 OP 130 K1 host defense K1 viral infection K1 multiple sclerosis K1 demyelination AB Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is a positive-strand RNA virus that causes an acute encephalomyelitis that later resolves into a chronic fulminating demyelinating disease. Cytokine production, chemokine secretion, and immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system are critical to control viral replication during acute infection. Despite potent antiviral T-lymphocyte activity, sterile immunity is not achieved, and MHV chronically persists within oligodendrocytes. Continued infiltration and activation of the immune system, a result of the lingering viral antigen and RNA within oligodendrocytes, lead directly to the development of an immune-mediated demyelination that bears remarkable similarities, both clinically and histologically, to the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis. MHV offers a unique model system for studying host defense during acute viral infection and immune-mediated demyelination during chronic infection. PB Begell House LK https://www.dl.begellhouse.com/journals/2ff21abf44b19838,5603dbb41ca52347,09e37c0900ab77b6.html