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Critical Reviews™ in Eukaryotic Gene Expression
編集マネージャー: Ariana Spatola (open in a new tab)

年間 6 号発行

ISSN 印刷: 1045-4403

ISSN オンライン: 2162-6502

The Impact Factor measures the average number of citations received in a particular year by papers published in the journal during the two preceding years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) IF: 1.6 To calculate the five year Impact Factor, citations are counted in 2017 to the previous five years and divided by the source items published in the previous five years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) 5-Year IF: 2.2 The Immediacy Index is the average number of times an article is cited in the year it is published. The journal Immediacy Index indicates how quickly articles in a journal are cited. Immediacy Index: 0.3 The Eigenfactor score, developed by Jevin West and Carl Bergstrom at the University of Washington, is a rating of the total importance of a scientific journal. Journals are rated according to the number of incoming citations, with citations from highly ranked journals weighted to make a larger contribution to the eigenfactor than those from poorly ranked journals. Eigenfactor: 0.00058 The Journal Citation Indicator (JCI) is a single measurement of the field-normalized citation impact of journals in the Web of Science Core Collection across disciplines. The key words here are that the metric is normalized and cross-disciplinary. JCI: 0.33 SJR: 0.345 SNIP: 0.46 CiteScore™:: 2.5 H-Index: 67

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Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Infection in Pakistan: Current Estimate and Major Risk Factors

巻 27, 発行 1, 2017, pp. 63-77
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.2017018953
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Aiman Arshad
Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Usman Ali Ashfaq
Government College University Faisalabad

要約

In Pakistan, hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major healthcare problem, with acute and chronic infections responsible for liver damage, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Under the Human Development Index of the United Nations, Pakistan is ranked 134th of 174 countries due to its poor educational and health standards. This study was designed to study HCV and its genotype prevalence in different cities and provinces of Pakistan and describe the major routes of HCV transmission. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Mendeley, and Google Scholar. Ninety different studies were screened for this review, ranging from those published during the years 2000 to 2013. By calculating the mean average of all studies, it was clear that HCV percentage prevalence in the adult population was 11.55%, blood donors 10.10%, pregnant women 4.65%, children 1.6%, patients with different diseases 24.97%, and injecting drug users had the highest prevalence at 51.0%. HCV genotype 3a prevalence was found to be 63.45%, the highest of all genotypes. The percentage prevalence of HCV found for all of the provinces was Punjab: 5.46%, Sindh: 2.55%, Khyber Pakhtoonkhaw: 6.07%, Balochistan: 25.77%, and federally administrated tribal areas: 3.37%. This study shows that the overall prevalence of HCV in the provinces of Pakistan is 8.64% and suggests that the major routes of HCV transmission are reuse of syringes and needles and unchecked blood transfusions. Awareness and economic growth are required to help decrease HCV infection and improve health standards in Pakistan.

キーワード: HCV, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, HCV epidemiology, World Health Organization
によって引用された

  1. Khan Abdul Waheed, Nawab Sadia, Nasim Zeeshan, Khan Abdul Haleem, Ahmad Syed Ishfaq, Zahir Fazli, Din Israr Ud, Pattern of hepatitis C virus genotypes and subtypes circulating in war-stricken Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: Review of published literature, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 10, 11, 2017. Crossref

  2. Afzal Muhammad Sohail, Iqbal Muhammad Azhar, Hepatitis C Virus in Pakistan: Community Education Is an Effective Weapon Against the Killer, Viral Immunology, 30, 8, 2017. Crossref

  3. Al Kanaani Zaina, Mahmud Sarwat, Kouyoumjian Silva P., Abu-Raddad Laith J., The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Pakistan: systematic review and meta-analyses, Royal Society Open Science, 5, 4, 2018. Crossref

  4. Ranjbar Kermani Fahimeh, Mousavi Hosseini Kamran, Amini Kafi-abad Sedigheh, Maghsudlu Mahtab, Sharifi Zohreh, Mansournia Mohammad Ali, Alavian Seyed Moayed, Update on Transmission Modes of Hepatitis C Virus Among Volunteer Iranian Blood Donors: Analysis of a Matched Case-Control Study by Penalized Conditional Logistic Regression, Hepatitis Monthly, In Press, In Press, 2018. Crossref

  5. Zafar Ayesha, Imran Muhammad, Zahoor Sarmad, Shah Zaheer Hussain, Ali Muhammad, Afzal Muhammad Sohail, Prevalence and Treatment of Untypable HCV Variants in Different Districts of Punjab, Pakistan, Viral Immunology, 31, 6, 2018. Crossref

  6. Arshad Muhammad, Jalil Ismail, Raza Abida, Malik Sajid, Dasti Javid Iqbal, Novel Polymorphism in the Promoter Region of HLA-DQB1 Is a Predictor of Anti-HCV Therapy Response, Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 12, 6, 2019. Crossref

  7. Wahid Braira, Waqar Muhammad, Rasool Nouman, Rehman Zobaria, Saeed Jamaluddin, Wasim Muhammad, Khan Muhammad Arif, Ali Amjad, Rafique Shazia, Sajjad , Idrees Muhammad, Recent trends in molecular epidemiology of Hepatitis C virus in Mardan, KPK Pakistan, Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 66, 2018. Crossref

  8. Rana Narmeen, Munir Bushra, Hussain Nazeer, Imtiaz Nazia, Gondal Asif, Parvaiz Fahed, Seroprevalence, Biochemical Investigation and Risk Factor Assessment for HBV & HCV Infection in Hospital Based Patients of Islamabad, Pakistan, Journal of Bioresource Management, 7, 2, 2020. Crossref

  9. Xia Lei, Routledge Michael N., Rasheed Hifza, Ismail Amir, Dong Yao, Jiang Tao, Gong Yun Yun, Biomonitoring of Aflatoxin B1 and Deoxynivalenol in a Rural Pakistan Population Using Ultra-Sensitive LC-MS/MS Method, Toxins, 12, 9, 2020. Crossref

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  12. Ali Mahwish, Farhat Syeda Mehpara, Saeed Rida Fatima, Amraiz Deeba, Mehmood Sabba, Akbar Samina, Climate beast: a potential threat for repercussions of disease status in Pakistan, Reviews on Environmental Health, 36, 2, 2021. Crossref

  13. Biland Bakht, Haq Mohsina, Muhammad Sardar, Subhani Mohsan, Gardezi Syed, Haq Najibul, Tehami Nadeem, Frequency Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes with Reference to Age and Sex in Various Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, EMJ Hepatology, 2021. Crossref

  14. Immunoassay Technique for Diagnosis of Hepatitis B and C Virus Among Drivers and Conductors of long Route Heavy Vehicles, Abasyn Journal Life Sciences, 2020. Crossref

  15. Israr Muhammad, Ali Fawad, Nawaz Arif, Idrees Muhammad, Khattak Aishma, Ur Rehman Shafiq, Azizullah Azizullah, Ahmad Bashir, Bano Syeda Asma, Iqbal Rashid, Chemin Isabelle, Seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of hepatitis B and C virus infections among pregnant women attending maternity wards at two hospitals in Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, PLOS ONE, 16, 8, 2021. Crossref

  16. Frazzoni Leonardo, Sikandar Usama, Mazzella Giuseppe, Fuccio Lorenzo, Bazzoli Franco, Brillanti Stefano, Azzaroli Francesco, A multimedia multilanguage web‐based platform can assess and increase the awareness on HCV infection of Pakistani people living in Italy, Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 28, 5, 2021. Crossref

  17. Shah Islam, Ahmad Wiqas, Qadir Abdul, Muhammad Iltaf, Islam Muhammad, Shah Mustaqeem, Jan Naeem, Anjum Sadia, Efficacy and Safety of Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir Combination for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C in Patients With or Without Cirrhosis, Cureus, 2021. Crossref

  18. Rao Javeria Rafique, Rafique Shazia, Ali Amjad, Rehman Gouhar, Ilyas Muhammad, Idrees Muhammad, Next-generation sequencing studies on the E1-HVR1 region of hepatitis C virus (HCV) from non-high-risk HCV patients living in Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Archives of Virology, 166, 11, 2021. Crossref

  19. ASGHAR Muhammad Sohaib, RASHEED Uzma, HASSAN Maira, AKRAM Mohammed, YASEEN Rabail, FAYAZ Basmah, A CROSS-SECTIONAL SCREENING SURVEY ON THE SEROPREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B AND HEPATITIS C AMONGST THE GENERAL POPULATION OF RURAL DISTRICTS OF SINDH, PAKISTAN, Arquivos de Gastroenterologia, 58, 2, 2021. Crossref

  20. Hussain Nazim, Bungau Simona, Behl Tapan, Sehgal Aayush, Mahmood Maheen, Manzoor Sadia, Qayyum Muhammad Abdul, Khan Muhammad Imran, Moleriu Lavinia Cristina, Bilal Muhammad, Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in Punjab region, Pakistan, based on a study of 4177 specimens, Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 91, 2021. Crossref

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  22. Dopico Eva, Rodriguez-Frias Francisco, Ubillos Itziar, Rando-Segura Ariadna, Garcia-Cehic Damir, Gregori Josep, Rando-Matos Yolanda, Solsona Luis, Niubó Jordi, Esteban Juan Ignacio, Costa Josep, Martínez Miguel J, Quer Josep, Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection, Genotypes and Subtypes in Migrants from Pakistan in Barcelona, Spain, Infection and Drug Resistance, Volume 15, 2022. Crossref

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  24. Ajmal Maryam, Bedale Wendy, Akram Abida, Yu Jae-Hyuk, Comprehensive Review of Aflatoxin Contamination, Impact on Health and Food Security, and Management Strategies in Pakistan, Toxins, 14, 12, 2022. Crossref

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