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Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants

年間 4 号発行

ISSN 印刷: 1050-6934

ISSN オンライン: 1940-4379

SJR: 0.184 SNIP: 0.485 CiteScore™:: 1.1 H-Index: 39

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Pathological Mineralization of Cardiac Valves: Causes and Mechanism

巻 15, 発行 4, 2005, pp. 355-368
DOI: 10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.v15.i4.30
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Elena I. Suvorova
Institute of Crystallography of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Philippe A. Buffat
Centre Interdepartemental de Microscopie Electronique - EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

要約

Objective. Mechanism of calcification of cardiac valves was investigated through a comparative characterization of structure, morphology, and size of hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals formed in mineral deposit on cardiac valves, bone tissue, and crystals synthesized from aqueous solutions under definite conditions. Methods. All deposits on cardiac valves and bone samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDS) in a Philips XL30 FEG microscope to evaluate their overall view and structure, to estimate the sizes of particles, and to carry out the chemical analysis. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and electron micro diffraction was done for precise phase identification of individual crystals and measurements of their sizes. Results. Mineral deposit on cardiac valves contained hydroxyapatite crystals (HAP) crystals with lengths from a few nanometers to a few hundred nanometers. Similar to the HAP precipitation in aqueous solutions, crystals in deposit were randomly oriented relative to each other and without the substrate effect on their orientation. Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) phase was also detected in the form of large (up to a few microns) crystals. The quantity of the OCP crystals was quite low in comparison with the amount of the HAP crystals. HAP crystals in bone samples were no more than 20 nm in length and textured in the HAP [0001] direction along collagen fibers. The HAP crystals from cardiac valves and bones were of uniform thickness comparable with the crystallographic unit cell. Conclusions. Mass crystallization model and hemodynamics in heart and arteries determine the mechanism of pathological calcification through the mediation of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals perpetually circulating with the bloodstream.

によって引用された

  1. Suvorova Elena I., Petrenko Pavel P., Buffat Philippe A., Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy for Evaluation of Order/Disorder in Bone Structure, Scanning, 29, 4, 2007. Crossref

  2. Chang Yu-Chi, Feng Sheng-Wei, Huang Haw-Ming, Teng Nai-Chia, Lin Che-Tong, Lin Hsi-Kuei, Wang Peter-D, Chang Wei-Jen, Surface Analysis of Titanium Biological Modification with Glow Discharge, Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research, 17, 3, 2015. Crossref

  3. Dorozhkin Sergey V., Calcium orthophosphates, Biomatter, 1, 2, 2011. Crossref

  4. Danilchenko S. N., Kuznetsov V. N., Stanislavov A. S., Kalinkevich A. N., Starikov V. V., Moskalenko R. A., Kalinichenko T. G., Kochenko A. V., Lü Jinjun, Shang Jian, Yang Shengrong, The mineral component of human cardiovascular deposits: morphological, structural and crystal-chemical characterization, Crystal Research and Technology, 48, 3, 2013. Crossref

  5. Imamov R. M., Klechkovskaya V. V., Suvorova E. I., High-resolution transmission electron microscopy for crystallographic study of nanomaterials, Crystallography Reports, 56, 4, 2011. Crossref

  6. Dorozhkin Sergey V., Calcium orthophosphates (CaPO4): occurrence and properties, Progress in Biomaterials, 5, 1, 2016. Crossref

  7. Pathological Calcification of CaPO4, in Calcium Orthophosphate-Based Bioceramics and Biocomposites, 2016. Crossref

  8. Chang Yu-Chi, Ho Kuo-Ning, Feng Sheng-Wei, Huang Haw-Ming, Chang Chia-Hsun, Lin Che-Tong, Teng Nai-Chia, Pan Yu Hwa, Chang Wei-Jen, Fibronectin-Grafted Titanium Dental Implants: AnIn VivoStudy, BioMed Research International, 2016, 2016. Crossref

  9. Dorozhkin Sergey, Calcium Orthophosphates in Nature, Biology and Medicine, Materials, 2, 2, 2009. Crossref

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  11. Dorozhkin Sergey V., Young Paul R., Calcium phosphates in geological, biological, and industrial systems, in Water-Formed Deposits, 2022. Crossref

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