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International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion

年間 6 号発行

ISSN 印刷: 2150-766X

ISSN オンライン: 2150-7678

The Impact Factor measures the average number of citations received in a particular year by papers published in the journal during the two preceding years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) IF: 0.7 To calculate the five year Impact Factor, citations are counted in 2017 to the previous five years and divided by the source items published in the previous five years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) 5-Year IF: 0.7 The Immediacy Index is the average number of times an article is cited in the year it is published. The journal Immediacy Index indicates how quickly articles in a journal are cited. Immediacy Index: 0.1 The Eigenfactor score, developed by Jevin West and Carl Bergstrom at the University of Washington, is a rating of the total importance of a scientific journal. Journals are rated according to the number of incoming citations, with citations from highly ranked journals weighted to make a larger contribution to the eigenfactor than those from poorly ranked journals. Eigenfactor: 0.00016 The Journal Citation Indicator (JCI) is a single measurement of the field-normalized citation impact of journals in the Web of Science Core Collection across disciplines. The key words here are that the metric is normalized and cross-disciplinary. JCI: 0.18 SJR: 0.313 SNIP: 0.6 CiteScore™:: 1.6 H-Index: 16

Indexed in

OPTIMISATION OF PROCESSING CONDITIONS FOR GEL PROPELLANT PRODUCTION

巻 8, 発行 6, 2009, pp. 501-513
DOI: 10.1615/IntJEnergeticMaterialsChemProp.v8.i6.30
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要約

The work of the authors is directed to the most prominent problems concerning production of propellant gels. The main effects on production (gelator concentration, dissolver rotational speed, heating and cooling times, etc.) of hydrocarbon gels are discussed in detail. The experiments were done with 250 ml amounts of Jet A-1 / Thixcin R® gels in a small laboratory dissolver facility. Thixcin R (a ricinolic acid derivative) was chosen as gelator because in comparison to silica or bentonite gellants, it is a combustible organic material and would not change the energy content of the fuel very much. For characterisation and quality control of the gels most of the experiments were done with a double-barrel capillary viscosimeter. The reason for using this instrument instead of a rotational viscosimeter is that the shear rates necessary for gel atomisation in a rocket injector are much higher (> 105/s) than in rotational viscosimeters which have been used by many other authors. Also measurement of extensional viscosity, which plays an important but often ignored role in atomisation, was achieved with this instrument. Several test series were conducted in the laboratory facility. Variation of production temperature within the range of 40 to 60°C showed that the best results could be achieved by keeping the temperature at 50°C. In another test series, the concentration of gelator was varied in the range of 4 to 7% by weight. The results show that at least gelator concentrations of more than 5% and dissolver rotational velocities of 1000 rpm are necessary to get stable gels. The influence of mixing time was investigated in another test series. The results demonstrate that a mixing time not longer than 2.5 hours is sufficient for completion of gel formation. The experiments should be considered as a first step to optimisation of the gel production process.

参考
  1. Natan, B. and Rahimi, S., The Status of Gel Propellant in the Year 2000.

  2. Pein, R., Gel Propellants and Gel Propulsion.

  3. Palaszewski, Bryan A., Metallized Gelled Propellants: Historical and Future Developments.

  4. Brinker, C.J. and Scherer, G.W., Sol-Gel Science: The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing.

  5. DeKleetlaan, Organic Rheological Additives for Solventborne Systems THIXCIN® and THIXATROL® Antisettling Agents.

  6. Edwards, T., "Kerosene" Fuels for Aerospace Propulsion-Composition and Properties.

  7. Cogswell, F.N., Converging Flow of Polymer Melts in Extrusion Dies.

  8. Steffe, J.F., Rheological Methods in Food Process Engineering.

  9. Hanks, R.W., Laminar-Turbulent Transition of Fluids with a Yield Stress.

によって引用された
  1. Padwal Manisha B., Mishra D.P., Synthesis of Jet A1 gel fuel and its characterization for propulsion applications, Fuel Processing Technology, 106, 2013. Crossref

  2. Jyoti Botchu V. S., Baek Seung Wook, Formulation and Comparative Study of Rheological Properties of Loaded and Unloaded Ethanol-Based Gel Propellants, Journal of Energetic Materials, 33, 2, 2015. Crossref

  3. Pan Lun, E Xiu‐Tian‐Feng, Cao Jinwen, Xue Kang, Design and Synthesis of Nanofluid Fuels, in High‐Energy‐Density Fuels for Advanced Propulsion, 2020. Crossref

  4. Pang Zhentao, Zhang Hang, Wang Yu, Zhang Letian, Wu Yingchun, Wu Xuecheng, Recognition of Multiscale Dense Gel Filament-Droplet Field in Digital Holography With Mo-U-Net, Frontiers in Physics, 9, 2021. Crossref

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