RT Journal Article
ID 3e351abb10d8c62f
A1 Kim, Jae Hyeon 
A1 Jin, Sang-Man 
A1 Kim, Hun Sik 
A1 Kim, Kyoung-Ah 
A1 Lee, Myung-Shik
T1 Immunotherapeutic Treatment of Autoimmune Diabetes
JF Critical Reviews™ in Immunology
JO CRI
YR 2013
FD 2013-06-04
VO 33
IS 3
SP 245
OP 281
K1 autoimmune diabetes
K1 treatment
K1 prevention
K1 autoantigen
AB Type 1 diabetes is a prototypic, organ-specific autoimmune disease. Diverse antigen-specific immunotherapy using insulin or glutamic acid decarboxylase peptides and other immunotherapies, such as antibodies, fusion proteins, cytokines, regulatory T cells, small-molecule inhibitors, nonspecific immune modulators, or dietary modifications, have been attempted in human type 1 diabetes. Some of these immunotherapies delay the onset of diabetes or reduce insulin requirements or blood glucose level in patients with established type 1 diabetes. However, most of these immunotherapies failed to induce complete remission of established type 1 diabetes, which could be due to 1) technical difficulties in the achievement of immune tolerance to diabetic autoantigens or in the inhibition of autoimmune responses to those antigens that can be applied to human patients without significant adverse effects, and 2) markedly reduced β-cell mass at the time of disease onset that should be replenished. This review focuses on the immunological aspects of the disease and its treatment, and data from previous or ongoing human clinical trials using immune-logical measures, and recent results from immunological studies employing animal models are discussed.
PB Begell House
LK https://www.dl.begellhouse.com/journals/2ff21abf44b19838,12653d551bd5f049,3e351abb10d8c62f.html