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International Journal of Physiology and Pathophysiology

Published 4 issues per year

ISSN Print: 2155-014X

ISSN Online: 2155-0158

SJR: 0.116

Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Immune Status of Subjects with Different Hypoxic Tolerance under Intermittent Hypoxic Training

Volume 4, Issue 1, 2013, pp. 43-54
DOI: 10.1615/IntJPhysPathophys.v4.i1.60
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ABSTRACT

Circulating hematopoietic and progenitor stem cells (HSPC) play an important role in immune responses to hypoxia, ensuring tissue reparation processes, formation of all types of blood cells, etc. There exist significant individual differences in the capability to mobilize HSPC. We studied effects of a 2-week intermittent hypoxic training (IHT − inhalation of 10% O2 for 5 minutes 4 times a day) on HSPC and main humoral and cellular immunity components in peripheral blood of healthy people aged 25 to 35 years. Criterion of reduced tolerance to hypoxia was an excess of acceptable values of the arterial pressure, heart rate, minute ventilation, blood saturation and / or the appearance of pathological changes in ECG during hypoxic test (breathing with 10% oxygen, 10 min). It has been shown that in volunteers with normal hypoxic tolerance, higher hemoglobin level, increased number of erythrocytes and reticulocytes in the blood, reduced number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, CD8+-cells, and low levels of immunoglobulin A, elevated complement level and significantly higher induced and reserve neutrophil bactericidal activity were observed, compared with subjects possessing reduced hypoxic tolerance. The number of HSPC CD45+34+ in the initial state was similar in both groups, but subjects with reduced hypoxic tolerance responded to IHT by twofold decrease in their level (in subjects with normal hypoxic tolerance, significant changes were not observed), more pronounced increase in complement activity and reserve neutrophil bactericidal activity. Reduction of circulating HSPC probably results from the changes in their migration ability. However, it remains unclear whether it is induced by the inhibition of HSPC migration in the blood stream or by the activation of HSPC efflux from the circulation.. In both cases, tissue accumulates more HSPC, which increases the overall regenerative potential ensured by their ability to trans-differentiation, plasticity and intercellular interactions. Levels of cytokine erythropoietin, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the initial state are similar in both groups, but the content of IL-4 in subjects with normal hypoxic tolerance is much higher than that in patients with low hypoxic tolerance. IHT dramatically reduces proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α level in all patients, and increases manifold the level of IL-4 in patients with reduced hypoxic tolerance. IFN-γ tends to increase in all subjects. Concentration of erythropoietin does not change significantly during hypoxic training. The results obtained testify to the possibility of using IHT for immunotherapy, especially for patients with reduced hypoxic tolerance.

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