Published 6 issues per year
ISSN Print: 1045-4403
ISSN Online: 2162-6502
Indexed in
The Control of Bone Growth by Parathyroid Hormone, Leptin, & Statins
ABSTRACT
There is a need for anabolic drugs that can stimulate bone growth, improve bone microarchitecture, accelerate fracture healing and thus restore bone strength to oteoporotics. The anabolic agents currently leading the way to the clinic are the parathroid hormone (PTH) and some of its adenylyl cyclase-stimulating fragments. Here we discuss what is known about the genes and their products that are stimulated by PTHR1 receptor signals and in four ways cause a large accumulation of bone-building osteoblasts. We will also discuss the currently controversial anabolic activity of the cholesterol-lowering statins and outline a possible mechanism by which they might stimulate BMP-2 expession and bone growth. Finally, we will present the growing evdence for the body’s “fat-o-stat” cytokine—leptin—indirectly restraining bone growth via a hypothalamic factor and at the same serving as a local autocrine/paracrine stimulator of osteoblast activity via IGF-I and an inhibitor of osteoclast generation by stimulating osteoblastic cells’ antiosteoclast OPG (osteoprotegerin) expression and reducing their proosteoclast RANKL expression.
-
Xing Lianping, Boyce Brendan F., Regulation of apoptosis in osteoclasts and osteoblastic cells, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 328, 3, 2005. Crossref
-
Whitfield James F., Morley Paul, Willick Gordon E., , 65, 2002. Crossref
-
Andjelkovic Zlatibor, Katic Vuka, Mihailovic Dragan, Petrovic Aleksandar, Bubanovic Ivan, RANKL/RANK/osteoprotegerin system as novel therapeutic target in the treatment of primary bone tumors and osteolytic metastases, Archive of Oncology, 12, 2, 2004. Crossref
-
Ribalta J., Efectos complementarios de las terapias farmacológicas, Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis, 16, 3, 2004. Crossref
-
Tsai Andy, Stamoulis Catherine, Barber Ignasi, Kleinman Paul K., Infant lower extremity long bone growth rates: comparison of contemporary with early 20th century data using mixed effect models, American Journal of Human Biology, 29, 1, 2017. Crossref
-
Virk Sohrab, Bertone Alicia L., Hussein Hayam Hamaz, Toth Jeffrey M., Kaido Mari, Khan Safdar, The temporal expression of adipokines during spinal fusion, The Spine Journal, 17, 12, 2017. Crossref
-
Zallone Alberta, Teti Anna, Il tessuto osseo, in Osteoporosi e malattie metaboliche dell’osso, 2009. Crossref
-
Koch Ute, Lehal Rajwinder, Radtke Freddy, Stem cells living with a Notch, Development, 140, 4, 2013. Crossref
-
Pajcini K V, Speck N A, Pear W S, Notch signaling in mammalian hematopoietic stem cells, Leukemia, 25, 10, 2011. Crossref
-
Whitfield James F., How to grow bone to treat osteoporosis and mend fractures, Current Rheumatology Reports, 5, 1, 2003. Crossref
-
Galindo Mario, Pratap Jitesh, Young Daniel W., Hovhannisyan Hayk, Im Hee-Jeong, Choi Je-Yong, Lian Jane B., Stein Janet L., Stein Gary S., van Wijnen Andre J., The Bone-specific Expression of Runx2 Oscillates during the Cell Cycle to Support a G1-related Antiproliferative Function in Osteoblasts, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 280, 21, 2005. Crossref