Begell House Inc.
International Journal of Energy for a Clean Environment
IJECE
2150-3621
7
4
2006
SOCIOECONOMIC ASPECTS OF HYDROGEN ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT
303-326
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.v7.i4.10
F.
Di Mario
ENEA, Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Project, C.R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarees 301, Rome, Italy
A.
Iacobazzi
ENEA, Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Project, C.R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarees 301, Rome, Italy
R.
Infusino
ENEA, Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Project, C.R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarees 301, Rome, Italy
A.
Mattucci
ENEA, Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Project, C.R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarees 301, Rome, Italy
A preliminary evaluation of the hydrogen socioeconomic impact in the European Union energy economy has been performed for 2030 and beyond. Two different sets of hypotheses for hydrogen penetration have been considered: high and low penetration scenarios. For each scenario the hydrogen deployment into stationary and transportation sectors has been studied, and the resulting reduction of CO2 emissions has been evaluated. For both scenarios the major technical, social, and economic impacts deriving from the introduction of hydrogen into the European energy system are also discussed.
CARBON BURNOUT OF PULVERIZED COAL IN POWER STATION FURNACES
327-341
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.v7.i4.20
R. I.
Backreedy
Energy and Resources Research Institute / Centre for Computational Fluid Dynamics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
L. M.
Fletcher
Energy and Resources Research Institute / Centre for Computational Fluid Dynamics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
J. M.
Jones
Energy and Resources Research Institute / Centre for Computational Fluid Dynamics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
L.
Ma
Energy and Resources Research Institute / Centre for Computational Fluid Dynamics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
M.
Pourkashanian
Energy-2050, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
A.
Williams
Department of Fuel and Energy, Energy and Resources Research Institute / Centre for Computational Fluid Dynamics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
K.
Johnson
ALSTOM Power Derby, Sinfin Lane, Derby, DE24 9GH, UK
D. J.
Waldron
ALSTOM Power Derby, Sinfin Lane, Derby, DE24 9GH, UK
P.
Stephenson
RWE Power International, Engineering Division, Windmill Hill Business Park, Swindon, SN5 6PB, UK
The degree of carbon burnout in pulverized fuel-fired power stations is important because it is linked with power plant efficiency and coal ash suitability for construction purposes. The use of computational methods to calculate carbon burnout in such systems has been aided by the increasing availability of fast computers and improvements in computational methodologies. Despite recent advances in fluid flow, coal devolatilization, and coal combustion models, the use of CFD methods for detailed design purposes or for the selection of commercial coals is still limited. In parallel, industrial engineering codes, which combine simplified thermal models with advanced coal combustion models, are still undergoing development since they provide economic advantages over detailed CFD analysis. Although the major coal combustion processes are well established, an understanding regarding the role of coal macerals and the influence of ash on the combustion process is still lacking. A successful coal model must be able to handle all the complexities of combustion, from the details of the burner geometry through the formation of unburned carbon as well as NOx. The development of such a model is described here.
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN NO AND VOLATILE MATTER RELEASED BY COAL AND PETCOKE
343-361
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.v7.i4.30
S.
Salvador
Ecole des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, Laboratoire de Génie de Procédés des Solides Divisés, UMR CNRS 2392, Campus Jarlard, route de Teillet, 81013 Albi CT cedex 09, France
J.
Cances
Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés des Solides Divisés, UMR-CNRS 2392, Ecole des mines d'Albi-Carmaux, Campus Jarlard, 81013 ALBI CT Cedex 09, France
J.-M.
Commandre
Ecole des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, Laboratoire de Génie de Procédés des Solides Divisés, UMR CNRS 2392, Campus Jarlard, route de Teillet, 81013 Albi CT cedex 09, France
Combustion of solid fuels at 800−1000°C releases fuel NO that may be reduced either by homogeneous reactions with hydrocarbons or heterogeneous char reduction. The solid combustion starts with devolatilisation that releases volatiles, mainly CO and hydrocarbons from hydrogen to tars. A petcoke and a coal are here first pyrolyzed under nitrogen, at different temperatures, using an entrained flow reactor. The gases are sampled and analyzed. Experiments are then undertaken under atmosphere enriched in NO at various temperatures. The NO concentration decreases throughout the process. The relative contribution of homogeneous and heterogeneous NO reduction is then investigated using a numerical model.
DEVELOPMENT OF A THERMALLY HOMOGENEOUS GASIFIER SYSTEM USING HIGH-TEMPERATURE AGENTS
363-379
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.v7.i4.40
A.
Ponzio
Energy and Furnace Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 10044, Sweden
Weihong
Yang
Energy and Furnace Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 10044, Sweden
C.
Lucas
Energy and Furnace Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 10044, Sweden
W.
Blasiak
Energy and Furnace Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 10044, Sweden
An advanced twin component gasification system, named Thermally Homogenous Gasification (THG), is developed. Development, testing and numerical simulations of the THG have shown that increased temperature of the gasification agent, results in a higher gasification rate, higher ignition front rate, higher molar fraction of combustible species in the product gas (CO, H2 and CmHn), and consequently a higher LHV. Moreover, there exists a critical gasification agent temperature above which preheating is no longer efficient if the purpose is to maximise the yield of gaseous products.
CHALLENGES IN DIESEL REFORMING: COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT REFORMING TECHNOLOGIES
381-390
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.v7.i4.50
K.
Lucka
Oel-Wärme-Institut gGmbH, Kaiserstraße 100, D-52134 Herzogenrath, Germany
H.
Koehne
OWI Oel-Wärme-Institut gGmbH, Kaiserstraße 100, D-52134 Herzogenrath, Germany
The reforming of short-chained hydrocarbons up to gasoline is a well-engineered process. Reforming Diesel fuel is more difficult due to the multiplicity of long-chained hydrocarbons and different components. However, the automotive market segment for Diesel vehicles is very promising for applications like auxiliary power units. Due to decreasing sulfur contents in Diesel fuels, the usage of catalytic reforming processes becomes more feasible. Commonly favored gas process technologies are the steam or autothermal reforming processes. Applications with PEM fuel cells require a complex gas cleanup system. Hence the overall size of this system tends to be rather big. Applying an autothermal reforming process is almost state of the art, although the influence of fuel composition and additization is not well described.
THERMAL PARTIAL OXIDATION OF DIESEL IN POROUS REACTORS FOR SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION
391-407
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.v7.i4.60
Z.
Al-Hamamre
Institute of Heat Engineering and Thermodynamics, D-09596 Freiberg, Germany
S.
Deizinger
Institute of Fluid Mechanics, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
A.
Mach
Institute of Fluid Mechanics, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
Franz
von Issendorff
Institute of Fluid Mechanics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
Dimosthenis
Trimis
Institute of Thermal Engineering, Technische Universitat Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner-Strasse 7, D-09596 Freiberg, Germany; Engler-Bunte-Institute Division of Combustion Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, D-76131
In this study the thermal partial oxidation (TPOX) of Diesel fuel for the production of syngas was investigated theoretically and experimentally. Equilibrium and kinetic calculations were performed to determine the main influence parameters on the thermal partial oxidation. In the experimental study, a high-temperature residual free Diesel-air mixture was prepared. The effect of the preheating temperature and the excess air ratio on the evaporation process was investigated. In the reforming part, a ZrO2 porous foam-based reformer was used to perform the TPOX. The performance of the evaporator was then compared with a free flame-mode reformer (without porous material).
Table of Contents
409-411
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.v7.i4.70
Author Index
413-414
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.v7.i4.80