Begell House Inc.
Telecommunications and Radio Engineering
TRE
0040-2508
79
6
2020
PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES IN STRUCTURES WITH BIAXIAL ANISOTROPIC MEDIA OF MONOCLINIC SYNGONY. PART 2: WAVEGUIDE STRUCTURES
453-470
10.1615/TelecomRadEng.v79.i6.10
Yuriy
Sirenko
IRE NAN Ukraine
S. K.
Tleukenov
L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. 2 Mirzoyana St., Nur-Sultan
010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
N. P.
Yashina
O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radio Physics and Electronics,
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
12, Academician Proskura St., Kharkiv 61085, Ukraine
Z. K.
Zhalgasbekova
L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. 2 Mirzoyana St., Nur-Sultan
010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
anisotropic medium
monoclinic syngony crystals
eigen electromagnetic waves
plane-parallel waveguide
open planar waveguide
The processes of propagation of electromagnetic waves in closed and open waveguides filled with biaxial anisotropic media of monoclinic syngony have been sufficiently fully and strictly modeled for the first time. The media with anisotropy of dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability and relevant key waveguide problems, which accurate solution has to provide the successful simulation of more complicated problems that are of undoubted interest for both theory and practice, are considered.
COAXIAL LASER RESONATOR WITH SMOOTH ADJUSTMENT OF RADIATION OUTPUT
471-478
10.1615/TelecomRadEng.v79.i6.20
M. I.
Dzyubenko
O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radio Physics and Electronics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 12 Academician Proskura St., Kharkiv 61085, Ukraine; V. Karazin National University of Kharkiv, 4 Svobody Sq., Kharkiv 61022, Ukraine; Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics, 14 Nauka Ave, Kharkiv 61166, Ukraine
V. A.
Maslov
V. Karazin National University of Kharkiv, 4 Svobody Sq., Kharkiv 61022, Ukraine
Ye. N.
Odarenko
V. Karazin National University of Kharkiv, 4 Svobody Sq., Kharkiv 61022, Ukraine; Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics, 14 Nauka Ave, Kharkiv 61166, Ukraine
V. P.
Radionov
A. Usikov Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 12, Academician Proskura Str., Kharkiv 61085, Ukraine
laser
coaxial laser resonator
feedback adjustment
conical mirrors
active medium
diffraction
A new design of a laser resonator with smooth adjustment of radiation output is presented. Adjustment can be performed over a wide range and directly during laser operation. This provides optimal feedback under various laser operating conditions. The active element has an annular sectional shape. The pumping and cooling elements can be placed on the outer and inner sides of the active element. This ensures a uniform distribution of pump energy and good heat dissipation from the active substance. Gaseous, liquid and solid substances can be used as an active medium. The possibility of obtaining optimal feedback and homogeneity of the active substance make it possible to increase the efficiency of laser generation. Coaxially arranged conical mirrors provide a rational change in the radiation path in the cavity. The radiation makes a complete passage through the cavity in four different ways. This allows to minimize the effect of inhomogeneities of the active substance on the radiation, which improves the spatial-angular and energy characteristics of the output laser radiation. Conical 90° mirrors that are used in the laser cavity do not require careful alignment and provide increased laser stability. Such a resonator scheme is suitable for use in a wide frequency range, including the terahertz range.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF TRIPLE NOTCH BAND UWB MONOPOLE ANTENNA USING MUSHROOM STRUCTURE
479-491
10.1615/TelecomRadEng.v79.i6.30
Tapan
Mandal
Govt. College of Engg and Textile Technology,Serampore
S.
Das
Indian Institute Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah-711103,
India
UWB antenna
WiMAX
WLAN
X-band satellite communication
mushroom structure
This paper describes triple notch ultra-wide band (UWB) printed planer hexagonal monopole antenna. Rectangular mushroom shaped electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) cell are placed at the vicinity of the feedline thus acting as filtering elements with the effect of creating triple notches at the desired frequency bands. Equivalent circuit model and surface current distribution presented that demonstrate the generation of notches. The effects of various geometric distortions on the notch bands can be analyzed by the detailed parametric study of the antenna. The simulated results of the antenna are verified with the experimental results of fabricated antenna. From the results, it has been observed that the impedance bandwidth (BW), defined by 2 ≤ VSWR, can reach a value of 7.90 GHz (2.91-10.81 GHz).Triple band stop (BS) function is in the bands of 3.3-3.7 GHz, 5.19-6.43 GHz and 7.28-8.13 GHz. The antenna exhibits satisfactory stable radiation patterns and almost fairly flat gain (≤ 3.1 dB) in the entire UWB region other than the notch bands. It has the property of constant group delay and linear phase in pass band which is essential for impulse UWB applications.
THE DYNAMICS OF AUTODYNE SIGNAL AND NOISE CHARACTERISTIC FORMATION AT HIGH TARGET SPEEDS
493-508
10.1615/TelecomRadEng.v79.i6.40
V. Ya.
Noskov
Ural Federal University (UrFU), 19, Mira St., Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
K. A.
Ignatkov
Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
Kirill D.
Shaidurov
Ural Federal University, Mira 19, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
G. P.
Ermak
O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radio Physics and Electronics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 12, Academician Proskura St., Kharkiv 61085, Ukraine
A. S.
Vasiliev
A.Ya. Usikov Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 12, Academician Proskura St., Kharkiv 61085
autodyne
short-range radar
signal characteristics
noise characteristics
Gunn-diode oscillator
The analysis of the characteristics of an autodyne under the influence of its own radiation reflected from a target and the internal noise of an oscillator is presented. The general case of the dynamics of signal and noise characteristic formation is studied in terms of the distance to the target and the speed for an arbitrary ratio of the delay time of the radiation reflected from a target and the autodyne response period. The periodic non-stationarity of the mean-square value of the level of phase, frequency and amplitude noise with a change in the distance to a target is established. This phenomenon is observed with an increase in the level of reflected radiation and the distance to the target, when the magnitude of the autodyne system's external feedback parameter is comparable with unity. It is shown that with a negligible delay time of the radiation reflected from the target as compared with the autodyne response period, the formation of noise characteristics occurs in the form of peaks in the vicinity of the maximum slope of the autodyne's phase characteristic. At high target speeds, when the autodyne response period and the delay time of the radiation reflected from the target are comparable, periodic unsteadiness of the noise persists; however, the formation of noise characteristics occurs smoothly, without peaks. The results of experimental studies obtained for a hybrid integrated oscillator on a Gunn diode confirm the conclusions of the theoretical analysis.
DETERMINATION OF THE MOISTURE CONTENT IN WALNUTS USING MICROWAVE NONDESTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUE
509-520
10.1615/TelecomRadEng.v79.i6.50
M. T.
Islam
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Kuala-Lumpur, Malaysia
I. K.
Kuzmichev
O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radio Physics and Electronics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 12 Academician Proskura St., Kharkiv 61085, Ukraine
A. Ye.
Kogut
A. Usikov Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 12, Academician Proskura St., Kharkov 61085
R. S.
Dolya
A.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 12, Academician Proskura St., Kharkiv 61085, Ukraine
Z. Ye.
Eremenko
O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radio Physics and Electronics, National Academy
of Sciences of Ukraine, 12 Academician Proskura St., Kharkiv 61085, Ukraine
E.
Kogut
V. Karazin National University of Kharkiv, 4 Svobody Sq., Kharkiv 61022,
Ukraine
L. W. Y.
Liu
Vietnamese-German University, Le Lai Street, HoaPhu Ward, Thu Dau Mot
City, Vietnam
microwave measurement
nondestructive technique
moisture content
walnuts
standing wave ratio
A nondestructive microwave measurement technique for the detection of moisture content in walnuts has been presented. The main idea of our measurement technique was placing a walnut nearby the rupture of a waveguide and the microwave signal has transmitted through a walnut. Walnuts with different moisture content and types have been studied. The measurement parameter was the standing wave ratio coefficient. The correlation between different moisture content in walnuts or their types and standing wave and voltage coefficient values have been detected. Thus, our microwave nondestructive measurement technique can be used to detect the moisture content in walnuts and to specify different walnuts types and shapes.
IMPROVED VITALITY OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK USING GRID CLUSTERING WITH MULTI-HOP TRANSMISSION PROTOCOL ROUTING
521-532
10.1615/TelecomRadEng.v79.i6.60
F.
Bouakkaz
High National School of Computer Science (ESI), BP 68M, Oued Smar,
16270 Algiers, Algeria
M.
Derdour
University of Larbi Tebessi, Tebessa 12002, Algeria; Tebessa University,
Tebessa, Algeria
W.
Ali
University of Larbi Tebessi, Tebessa 12002, Algeria; Tebessa University,
Tebessa, Algeria
wireless sensor network
clustering
grid clustering
multi-hop transmission
cluster head
energy consumption
node neighbors
cluster head
Due to the fast development of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), they have become an active research area. Where Wireless Sensor Network consist of a collection of sensors, with particularly limited resources. Data collected by sensors are transmitted directly or indirectly via other sensors to the base station (SB). Energy consumption is the most important issue of WSN, which has a direct effect on its performance. To this end, the objective of this paper is to introduce a routing protocol use grid clustering and chain multi-hop transmission to minimize distance of transmission between nodes to save more energy. First, the network area was divided into equal squares of length "a". Then, the election of cluster head used two parameters: residual energy and centrality in the grid cell; data transmissions were carried out in two phases: intra-cluster routing (each node, belonging to the zone Zij, only communicates with its close neighbor) and inter-cluster routing of a vertical transmission (from Cluster Head CH j to the next Cluster Head in the row i + 1 until arrival to Station Base SB). The submitted protocol was emulated using MATLAB. Simulations showed that the proposed protocol reduces the network energy consumption better than other protocols like LEACH and direct transmission.
1-MINUTE RAIN RATE DISTRIBUTION FOR COMMUNICATION LINK DESIGN BASED ON GROUND AND SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS IN WEST AFRICA
533-543
10.1615/TelecomRadEng.v79.i6.70
M. E.
Sanyaolu
Redeemer's University, Department of Physical Sciences, P.M.B. 230, Ede,
Osun State 232102, Nigeria
Oluropo F.
Dairo
Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's
University, Ede, Osun State, 232102, Nigeria; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, 232102, Nigeria
A. A.
Willoughby
Redeemer's University, Department of Physical Sciences, P.M.B. 230, Ede,
Osun State 232102, Nigeria
L. B.
Kolawole
Redeemer's University, Department of Physical Sciences, P.M.B. 230, Ede,
Osun State 232102, Nigeria
Rain rate
1-minute
rainfall measurement
communication links
West Africa
West Africa is in the tropical region and it is characterized by intense rainfall. Rain is a significant factor causing signal degradation on microwave links due to its variability; it causes scattering, absorption, and refraction of electromagnetic waves. Experimental studies have shown that rainfall intensities above 64 mm/h at 0.01% in this region results in noticeable digital television signal fading, squelching and complete outages. Hence the need for estimating rain rate distribution across West Africa. This paper analyzed the rain rate from six countries in West Africa, namely Benin, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria, and Togo. Three locations were selected in each country. Rain data were obtained from the Tropical Rain Measuring Mission-Precipitation Radar (TRMM-PR) and the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) missions, and Tropospheric Data Acquisition Network (TRODAN) weather stations in Nigeria. This study used ITU-R and Moupfouma models for the conversion of the 5-minute rain rate to 1-minute integration time at a probability of exceedance ranging from 1% to 0.001%. The cumulative rain rate distribution from the measured rain rate is presented alongside the predictions of the models. ITU-R and Moupfouma predicted similar results at 0.1% probability of exceedance. ITU-R overestimates the rain rate above 0.01% probability of exceedance. On the other hand, the Moupfouma models prediction plots at 0.01% overlap for all locations, indicating that there will be a signal loss at 0.01% probability of exceedance across these locations. The result shows that the 5-minute conversion provides satisfactory performance and suitable for estimating the 1-minute rain rate statistics required for propagation planning over West Africa.