Begell House Inc.
International Journal on Algae
IJA
1521-9429
5
3
2003
Phytoplankton of the Black Sea: geological past, geographic distribution of species and influence of the river flow
1-21
10.1615/InterJAlgae.v5.i3.10
D. A.
Nesterova
Institute of Marine Biology, NAS Ukraine, 37, Pushkinskaya St., Odessa 65011, Ukraine
Three aspects of the Black Sea are analyzed for the first time: (1) geological past, (2) geographic distribution of species and (3) influence of the river flow. И is shown that the contemporary species diversity of Bacillariophyta and Silicoflagellata has begun to form in the Tertiary period, that of Dinophyta, Chrysophyta and, probably, of Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta - in the Quaternary one. In the composition of 710 species and infraspecific taxa of algae there were found arctic-boreal, bipolar boreal, boreal-tropical, tropical, cosmopolites and endemic species which have been preserved since geological past of the sea. The relationship among species of various geographic distribution varies in different regions of the sea. The boreal species (36 %) and cosmopolites (19.6 %) are arranged on the basis of phytoplankton species diversity, while natives of the north and south latitudes are observed more rarely. The quantity of freshwater taxa and their contribution to the structure of the phytoplankton decrease from the north-western part of the Black Sea to its eastern half.
Vegetation of the coastal shallow-water zone of the Black Sea under conditions of anthropic load
22-32
10.1615/InterJAlgae.v5.i3.20
N. V.
Nikolenko
Simpheropol State University, Department of Botany, 4, Yaltinskaya St., 33036 Simpheropol, Crimea, Ukraine
I. K.
Evstigneeva
A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2, Nakhimov Pr., Sevastopol, 99011, Crimea
Dynamics of the species composition of macrophytes and the structure of benthic phytocenoses were studied in the tidal zone of the Black Sea (Omega Bay). Samples were taken in summer 1987 and 1997. In summer 1997, macrophytes were represented by a larger number of species. In 1997 they consisted mainly of representatives of Rhodophyta, the contribution of Chlorophyta remained unchanged, whereas the number of species of Phaeophyta decreased by a factor of two. Within the studied area of water, the number of poly- and oligosaprobic species increased, whereas the number of mesosaprobic species decreased by a factor of two. The biomass of macrophytes decreased by a factor of four. The changes found were conditioned by eutrophication of the coastal zone of some sections of the Black Sea in 1987-1997.
State of research on flagellate algae in the Russian waters of the Far Eastern Seas
33-46
10.1615/InterJAlgae.v5.i3.30
G. V.
Konovalova
Institute of Marine Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences Far Eastern Division, 17, Palchevskogo St., 690041 Vladivistok, Russia
Studies on flagellate algae conducted in the Russian waters of the Far Eastern seas in the last century and at the beginning of the present one are briefly reviewed and their level of knowledge is analyzed. A total of 412 species of phytophlagellates were found in the studied water area, belonging to 7 divisions and 10 classes. A list of 117 species from 6 divisions and 9 classes is given in the paper; Dinophyta (Dinophyceae), with 295 species, is excluded. The authors conclude that only Dinophyta are farily well studied. The remaining groups of flagellate algae are poorly investigated, especially the shell-less phytophlagellates of the Sea of Okhotsk and the area of the Pacific Ocean near Kurile. Flagellates of the open waters, in particular of the Sea of Okhotsk and Bering Sea, are insufficiently studied.
Morpho-functional analysis of long-term changes in structure of Cystoseira phytocenosis (Laspy Bay, Black Sea)
47-63
10.1615/InterJAlgae.v5.i3.40
N. A.
Mil'chakova
A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2, Nakhimova Pr., 99011 Sevastopol, Ukraine
A. N.
Petrov
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2, Nakhimov Pr., 99011 Sevastopol, Ukraine
Long-term alterations in Laspy Bay Cystoseira phytocenosis (southern coast of Crimea) were evaluated by multivariate statistical methods. Key morpho-functional indicators for species from diverse tiers and epiphytic synusia were analyzed. The recreational succession in open littoral Cystoseira phytocenosis (1-3 m) was revealed, whereas their degradation was typical for deeper areas. It was determined that the greater the level of anthropogenic eutrophy, the lower the contribution of upper tier species and the larger the role of lower tier algae and epiphytic synusia in structural-functional organization of Cystoseira phytocenosis.
Influence of ethanol on metabolism of algae. Growth dynamics, content of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids in Chlorella vulgaris Beijer and Spirulina platensis (Nordst.) Geitl. cells
64-73
10.1615/InterJAlgae.v5.i3.50
N. G.
Menzyanova
Research Institute of Biology, V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University, 4 Svobody Sq., Kharkov 61022, Ukraine
A.I.
Bozhkov
Research Institute of Biology, V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University, 4 Svobody Sq., Kharkov 61022, Ukraine
The introduction of ethanol into the culture medium for Chlorella vulgaris Beijer up to final concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 % on the fourth day of growth was found on the ninth day to increase the cell biomass 4.3, 9.0, 7.5, and 5.4 times, respectively, as compared with the control. An S-shaped dose-dependence was observed. The 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 % concentration of ethanol in the culture medium enhanced the content of protein in cells 1.6, 3.0, and 1.9 times. In this case protein excretion into the medium was twice as high irrespective of the alcohol concentration in the medium. The introduction of ethanol at concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 % caused no onsistent changes in the content of triacylglycerides in the Ch. vulgaris cells and decreased the content of non-esterified fatty acids 1.4, 1.9, 1.7, and 1.9 times, respectively. The employment of radioactively labeled alcohol at 0.3 % concentration showed that carbon composing ethanol was incorporated into the composition of DNA and RNA, and to a lesser extent into the composition of the proteins and lipids of the Ch. vulgaris cells. This attests that alcohol has a trophic function in Ch. vulgaris cells. As to the blue-green algae (Spirulina platensis (Nordst.) Geitl.), ethanol is highly toxic and not subjected to cell metabolism.
Epiphytic diatoms of the Black Sea Gracilaria under conditions of its experimental cultivation
74-84
10.1615/InterJAlgae.v5.i3.60
L. I.
Ryabushko
A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the South Seas of the RAS,
2, Nakhimov Ave., Sevastopol 99011, Russia
N. V.
Mironova
Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2, Nakhimov Prosp., Sevastopol, 99011, Crimea, Ukraine
B. N.
Belyaev
A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2. Nakhimov Pr., 335011 Sevastopol, Republic of Crimea, Ukraine
Comparative characteristics (numbers and biomass) of two species of Rhodophyta, namely Gracilaria verrucosa (Huds.) Papenf. and Gracilaria dura (Ag.) J.Ag., and/ also of their microepi-phytes (composition, numbers, and biomass), obtained under natural conditions (Kazachya Bay of the Black Sea) and laboratory conditions (at 18, 22, and 26 °C, at illumination of 3000, 6000, and 9000 lx, at phosphorus concentration of 0.06, 0.18, and 0.3 mg·L-1, and at nitrogen content of 0.3, 1.2, and 2.1 mg·L-1) are presented. Under natural conditions the highest intensity of development of the studied species of Gracilaria was observed in summer and autumn, whereas the highest intensity of development of epiphytic diatoms was observed in early spring. Under laboratory conditions the illumination of 3000 lx was insufficient for the development of macro- and microalgae. Illumination of 6000 and 9000 lx, water temperature of 18 and 22 °C, nitrogen concentration of 2.1 and 0.3 mg·L-1, and phosphorus content of 0.18 and 0.3 mg·L-1 proved most favorable for their development. Distribution of microalgae on the thalli of macrophytes depending on environmental conditions is discussed.
Morphology of new taxa of Bacillariophyta from the Pliocene and Pleistocene deposits of Lake Baikal
85-102
10.1615/InterJAlgae.v5.i3.70
G. K.
Khursevich
Institute of Geochemistry and Geophysics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 7, Kuprevich St., Minsk 220141 Republic of Belarus
S. A.
Fedenya
Institute of Geochemistry and Geophysics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 7, Kuprevich St., Minsk 220141 Republic of Belarus
M. I.
Kuzmin
Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
E. B.
Karabanov
Baikal Drilling Project, Department of Geological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia. SC 29208, USA; Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
D. F.
Williams
Baikal Drilling Project, Department of Geological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia. SC 29208, USA
A. A.
Prokopenko
Baikal Drilling Project, Department of Geological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia. SC 29208, USA; United Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
Seven new taxa of the class Centrophyceae (Bacillariophyta) studied in light (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) are described from the Pliocene and Pleistocene sediments of the BDP-96 core. Lake Baikal: Tertiarius baicalensis Khursevich & Fedenya, Stephanodiscus binderanus var. hyalinus Khursevich & Fedenya, S. dissimilis Khursevich & Fedenya, S. imperpetuus Khursevich & Fedenya, S. majusculus Khursevich & Fedenya, S. jucundus Khursevich & Fedenya and S. notabilis Khursevieh & Fedenya, They belong to extinct diatoms having biostratigraphic significance.