Begell House Inc.
Journal of Porous Media
JPM
1091-028X
22
12
2019
INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL MAGNETIC SOURCE ON NANOFLUID TREATMENT IN A POROUS CAVITY
1475-1491
10.1615/JPorMedia.2019024518
Mohsen
Sheikholeslami
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol,
Iran; Renewable Energy Systems and Nanofluid Applications in Heat Transfer Laboratory, Babol
Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
Muhammad Mubashir
Bhatti
College of Mathematics and Systems Science, Shandong University of Science and Technology,
Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China; Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai University Yanchang Road,
Shanghai 200072, China
porous media
external magnetic source
nanofluid
MFD viscosity
natural convection
Magnetic nanofluid transportation under the effect of a nonuniform magnetic field in a porous cavity is analyzed. To obtain the nanofluid thermal conductivity, various shapes of nanoparticles are utilized. Control volume based finite element method (CVFEM) is employed to solve the vorticity-stream function governing equations. Graphs are depicted for various values of Darcy number (Da), radiation parameter (Rd), Fe3O4-water volume fraction (φ), and Rayleigh (Ra) and Hartmann (Ha) numbers. The results demonstrate that augmenting the Hartmann number results in the decrease in velocity of nanofluid and heat transfer rate. According to the results, using platelet-shaped nanoparticles results in the most significant heat transfer rate. The radiation parameter has a direct relationship with the Nusselt number.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF VISCOUS FINGERING IN POROUS MEDIA DURING CO2 FLOODING
1493-1506
10.1615/JPorMedia.2019022756
Wei
Tian
Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei
230027, China
Peichao
Li
School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering
Science, Shanghai 201620, China
Zhiwei
Lu
Vertibi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089,
USA
Detang
Lu
Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei
230027, China
viscous fingering
DLA
fractured porous media
CO2 flooding
heterogeneity
Viscous fingering in porous media during CO2 flooding is investigated experimentally as well as numerically in this study. Experiments were accomplished in real cores saturated with simulated oil in thermostat, and the effect of CO2 flooding is studied in homogeneous cores with differing permeability and viscosity under various pressures. Furthermore, a numerical model called diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) is adopted to investigate viscous fingering in homogeneous and heterogeneous porous media and porous media with interior crack. The simulation of viscous fingering in cores with permeability contrast shows that heterogeneity can reduce displacement effect. When the permeability contrast ratio of each layer is larger than 10, the effect of gas channeling cannot be ignored and recovery efficiency decreases sharply. Meanwhile, for flooding in fractured porous media, it is found that CO2 breaks through preferentially along the crack and later CO2 advances along the flow path. Gas channeling is more serious in the fractured porous media than homogeneous media. According to experiments and simulation results, gas channeling is the primary cause for significant decreasing of oil displacement efficiency and shall be avoided in CO2 displacements. That is, CO2 flooding is more appropriate for homogeneous and low-permeability porous media.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR PREDICTION OF DYNAMIC RESERVES LOSS DUE TO WATER INVASION IN WATER-DRIVE GAS RESERVOIR
1507-1518
10.1615/JPorMedia.2019026226
Zhilin
Qi
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Complex Oil & Gas Fields Exploration and Development, Chongqing University of Science & Technology, Chongqing, P.R. China, 401331
Jiqiang
Li
Chongqing Key Laboratory of Complex Oil & Gas Fields Exploration and Development,
School of Petroleum Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology,
Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
Shilai
Hu
Chongqing Key Laboratory of Complex Oil & Gas Fields Exploration and Development,
Chongqing University of Science & Technology, Chongqing, P.R. China, 401331
Baosheng
Liang
Reservoir Engineer
Yingzhong
Yuan
Chongqing Key Laboratory of Complex Oil & Gas Fields Exploration and Development,
Chongqing University of Science & Technology, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
Nan
Jiang
Chongqing Key Laboratory of Complex Oil & Gas Fields Exploration and Development,
Chongqing University of Science & Technology, Chongqing, P.R. China, 401331
water-drive gas reservoir
dynamic reserves loss
mathematical model
water invasion
water flooding gas experiment
water-trapped gas
Dynamic reserves of a gas reservoir are all flowing gases information. In a water-drive gas reservoir, lots of gases are trapped in formation pores due to water invasion and defined in this paper as a dynamic reserves loss. To quantify such loss, an experimental study was first developed with cores from the PG gas field, China. Results show that the dynamic reserves loss percentage decreases in general with the increase of value of the comprehensive pore structure characteristic parameter defined by k/φ. For a given core sample, the increase of the pressure gradient of the formation radial displacement results first in a decrease and then an increase of dynamic reserves loss percentage. According to experimental results, a mathematical model was developed to predict water-invasion dynamic reserves loss and applied in six gas wells with water production in the PG gas field. Calculations indicate that the dynamic reserves loss percentage is 43.17~50.67%, with a mean of 46.24%. In other words, the dynamic reserves loss is 5.38 × 108 to 17.63 × 108 m3, with a mean of 10.77 × 108 m3. The estimated recoverable remaining dynamic reserves is 1.98 × 108 to 14.31 × 108 m3, with a mean of 7.71 × 108 m3. This paper includes both experiments and a mathematical model to predict dynamic reserves loss in a water-drive gas reservoir.
VARIATION OF SEEPAGE IN ONE-DIMENSIONAL LOW-PERMEABLE LAYER UNDER LOW-FREQUENCY VIBRATION
1519-1538
10.1615/JPorMedia.2019024916
Liming
Zheng
College of Vehicles and Energy, Postdoctoral Research Station in Mechanical Engineering,
Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China; College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Huadong), Qingdao,
266580, China
Jing
Liu
College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Huadong), Qingdao,
266580, China
seismic production technology
developing reservoir
flow rate
Biot flow
numerical simulation
A horizontal external load was imposed on deep soil in seismic production technology. The direction of the external load was different from the typical vertical load used in general consolidation problems. A low-frequency vibration wave was required to propagate along the directions of fluid flow and soil spreading. A numerical simulation was conducted to study the influence of horizontal low-frequency vibration in seismic production technology on the seepage in a low-permeability layer. A one-dimensional physical model with specific conditions for calculation was introduced. The external vibration was set at the injection side. When the initial seepage field was coupled with wave-induced Biot flow, a periodical variation and numerical increase of petrophysical properties were observed through numerical simulation. The simulation was revealed to be reasonable, in contrast with the experimental rules of permeability versus vibration parameters. The results showed that the coupled seepage was different from both wave-induced flow and initial flow. The maximum increase ratios of properties such as flow rate and pore pressure were obviously influenced by initial permeability, porosity, and fluid viscosity. The empirical formula linking the vibration parameter and variation of physical property might guide the cognition to the mechanism of seismic production technology.
ANALYSIS OF ONE-DIMENSIONAL CONSOLIDATION BEHAVIOR OF SATURATED SOILS SUBJECT TO AN INNER SINK BY USING FRACTIONAL KELVIN−VOIGT VISCOELASTIC MODEL
1539-1552
10.1615/JPorMedia.2019026059
Linzhong
Li
School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering
Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
Peichao
Li
School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering
Science, Shanghai 201620, China
Lei
Wang
School of Urban Railway Transportation, Shanghai University of Engineering Science,
Shanghai, 201620, China
fractional order derivative
viscoelastic saturated soils
consolidation due to an inner sink
analytical solution
creeping behavior
One-dimensional consolidation of viscoelastic saturated soils with fractional order derivative induced by an inner sink is investigated analytically in this work. To accurately describe the rheological behavior of saturated soils, the theory of fractional calculus is introduced to the Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic model. The exact solution to one-dimensional consolidation of fractional Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic saturated soils in the transformed domain is formulated by applying the Laplace transform, and the semianalytical solution in physical space is obtained after implementing numerical Laplace inversion by using the Crump method. To verify the presented analytical solution, the simplified form of the solution presented in the case of linear elasticity is compared to the available analytical solution in the literature. The agreement confirms the validity of the presented analytical solution in some sense. Furthermore, based on the analytical solution obtained, the one-dimensional consolidation behavior of viscoelastic saturated soils with fractional order derivative is studied in detail. The presented model and solution are of benefit to better understand the nonlinear creeping behavior of consolidation of viscoelastic saturated soils.
LATTICE BOLTZMANN MODELING ON FORCED CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER OF NANOFLUIDS IN HIGHLY CONDUCTIVE FOAM METALS WITH LOCAL THERMAL NONEQUILIBRIUM (LTNE) EFFECT
1553-1571
10.1615/JPorMedia.2019026966
Huijin
Xu
School of Merchant Marine, Shanghai Maritime University, No. 1550 Haigang Avenue, Shanghai 201306, China
Z. B.
Xing
Zhongtong Bus Holding Co., Ltd., Liaocheng 252000, China
A.
Ghahremannezhad
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0425,
USA
nanofluid
porous media
forced convection
lattice Boltzmann model
local thermal nonequilibrium effect
Highly conductive porous foams and nanofluids are efficient materials for enhancing heat transfer. This paper presents a numerical investigation of convective heat transfer of a nanofluid in porous foams using a lattice Boltzmann (LB) method. We model the nonequilibrium thermal transport of nanofluid and solid phases by considering the thermal conductivity difference of the nanofluid and the metal foam. Flow and heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids in metal foams are analyzed based on velocity and temperature fields. Effects of key parameters on flow and thermal performances are discussed. An entropy generation analysis is conducted for nanofluid convection in porous media. Results show that Nusselt number increases with a decrease in porosity and an increase in Reynolds number (Re), Darcy number (Da), thermal conductivities of nanoparticles and solid ligaments, and nanoparticle volume fraction. The performance evaluation criterion (PEC) is sensitive to Re in the range Re ≤ 600. This work provides a numerical procedure for the treatment of flow/thermal transport of nanofluids in porous media under the local thermal nonequilibrium (LTNE) condition.
STUDY OF ENTROPY GENERATION DURING PHENOMENA OF SORPTION IN A PLANE ADSORBER: ADSORBER OPTIMIZATION
1573-1593
10.1615/JPorMedia.2019027761
Abdelaziz
Zegnani
National Engineering School of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, 2119, Sidi Ahmed Zarroug City,
Gafsa, Tunisia; Laboratory of Thermal and Energetic Systems Studies (LESTE) at the National School of
Engineering of Monastir, 5019 Ibn Eljazzar Street, University of Monastir
Amal Bel Haj
Jrad
Laboratory of Thermal and Energetic Systems Studies (LESTE) at the National School of
Engineering of Monastir, 5019 Ibn Eljazzar Street, University of Monastir
Abdallah
Mhimid
Laboratory of Thermal and Energetic Systems Studies (LESTE) at the National School of
Engineering of Monastir, 5019 Ibn Eljazzar Street, University of Monastir
heat transfer
desorption
moisture content
finite volume
entropy generation
A numerical study of the generation of entropy for gas sorption by one zeolite when the bed is formed by three phases (the solid phase, the liquid phase, and the gaseous phase) is evolved. All surfaces of the absorber are maintained at a stable temperature and a stable effusion rate. The entropy generation model includes different aspects such as conduction, viscous dissipation, and mixture reaction. The numerical results of temperature, moisture content, and different form of entropy generation are presented and discussed. A comprehensive analysis of the irreversibility during the sorption phenomena is also investigated throughout this paper. A sensitivity study is discussed.
ORDERING THE EXPLOITATION OF HETEROGENEOUS CARBONATE GAS RESERVOIRS
1595-1607
10.1615/JPorMedia.2019026563
Xu
Zhao
School of Business Administration, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, 18 Fuxue Road,
Changping, Beijing, China, 102200
Dongkun
Luo
School of Business Administration, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, 18 Fuxue Road,
Changping, Beijing, China, 102200
Yuhua
Zheng
School of Business Administration, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, 18 Fuxue Road,
Changping, Beijing, China, 102200
Liangyu
Xia
School of Business Administration, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, 18 Fuxue Road,
Changping, Beijing, China, 102200
heterogeneous carbonate gas reservoirs
exploitation sequence
optimization model
extended stable production period
Conventionally integrated exploitation cannot be widely applied in carbonate gas reservoirs because of the heterogeneous space and pressure compartmentalization. Complex geological characteristics cause irregular production and uncertain investment. This paper develops an approach for optimization of the exploitation sequence that aims to maximize the total benefits of heterogeneous carbonate gas reservoirs within the constraints of their physical characteristics. We quantify the relationships among exploitation proportion, production rate, length of the stable production period, and costs. A carbonate gas field is illustrated as an example, in which the optimal exploitation sequence is calculated within its own physical constraints. Sensitivity analysis is introduced to present the impacts of uncertainty factors on the optimal proportion. The results show that the length of the extended stable period has a negative impact, while the gas price and discount rate have no impacts, and the optimal proportion is more sensitive to shortening of the stable periods. Meanwhile, the sliding scale linked to the income tax rate indeed has an impact on the optimal proportion, but the changed drilling mode has no impact. This study is important in that it helps companies make development strategies and optimize investments of surface facilities for heterogeneous carbonate gas reservoirs.
A STUDY ON THE CHANGES IN PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DEMINERALIZED WATER PUT IN CONTACT WITH POROUS HYDROPHILIC MATERIALS: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCES ON METABRICK MATERIAL
1609-1625
10.1615/JPorMedia.2019026816
P.
Signanini
University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Giovanna
Vessia
University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
V.
Elia
University Federico II of Naples, Department of Chemistry, Naples, Italy
E.
Napoli
University Federico II of Naples, Department of Chemistry, Naples, Italy
R.
Germano
Promete s.r.l. CNR Spin-off, Piazzale V. Tecchio, 45, 80125, Naples, Italy
capillary rise
internal cooling
hydrophilicity
metabrick material
electrical conductivity
Metabrick is a patented material made up of cooked clay as in common bricks but modified in order to increase its porosity up to 65% and broaden its range of pore diameters (less than 0.3 nm to 0.2 mm). Such a material shows unconventional experimental evidences when it is saturated by demineralized water through capillary rise. The latter causes a temperature reduction within both the volume of the metabrick and the capillary water. In addition, when a sponge is inserted into the metabrick the capillary water is taken by the sponge and poured out as free water. If the temperature of the poured water is measured, it is 3°C−4°C lower than the ambient temperature. Furthermore, when the electric conductibility of both the demineralized water passing through the metabrick and the water taken from a sponge inserted into the metabrick is measured, it becomes evident that these waters show values 3 orders of magnitude greater than a common value for demineralized water (the measure is about 1500 μ;S). All the above-mentioned phenomena could be explained in light of the fourth phase of water applied to the capillary rise occurring in the metabrick. This statement is largely discussed throughout the paper.