Begell House Inc.
International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms
IJM
1521-9437
21
11
2019
Characterization of Biological Activities of Methanol Extract of Fuscoporia torulosa (Basidiomycetes) from Italy
1051-1063
10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2019032896
Stefano
Covino
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia (PG), Italy
Eleonora
D'Ellena
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia (PG), Italy
Bruno
Tirillini
Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy
Giancarlo
Angeles
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia (PG), Italy
Andrea
Arcangeli
Circolo Micologico Naturalistico Perugino, 06123 Perugia, Italy
Giancarlo
Bistocchi
Circolo Micologico Naturalistico Perugino, 06123 Perugia, Italy
Roberto
Venanzoni
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia (PG), Italy
Paola
Angelini
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia (PG), Italy
antimicrobial
B-carotene/linoleic acid
DPPH
Fuscoporia torulosa
ITS1-ITS4
medicinal mushrooms
phenolic and flavonoid compounds
This work investigated the antiradical, antibacterial, and antifungal properties of a methanol extract from Fuscoporia torulosa (PeruMyc1834) fruit body from Central Italy. The ITS partial sequence of the F. torulosa strain matched at a 100% rate those of various strains belonging to the species. Two complementary test systems, namely α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and β-carotene/linoleic acid systems, were used. Free radical scavenging, measured by DPPH assay on methanol extract, showed an activity of 38.17 ± 2.74% of Trolox activity. The methanol extract of F. torulosa inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, particularly those belonging to the genus Bacillus (i.e., B. subtilis and B. cereus), better than Gram-negative bacteria. All the fungal isolates used in the present study for antifungal activity inhibited their growth when a concentration of 2.27 mg mL-1 of methanol extract was used (minimum inhibitory concentration from < 0.28 to 2.27 mg mL-1). This study established that the extracted antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds produced by F. torulosa can be exploited in treating diseases that affect humans, plants, and animals. There is a need to carry out further study to establish the chemical composition of the methanol extract.
A Polysaccharide Extract from Maitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Grifola frondosa (Agaricomycetes) Ameliorates Learning and Memory Function in Aluminum Chloride-Induced Amnesia in Mice
1065-1074
10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2019032914
Linlin
Fan
School of Medicine, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming, 650091, PR China
Lingling
Chen
School of Medicine, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming, 650091, PR China
Zhi
Liang
Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Teaching Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 212 Daguan Road, Kunming, 650091, PR China
Hongkun
Bao
School of Medicine, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming, 650091, PR China
Dan
Wang
Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Teaching Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 212 Daguan Road, Kunming, 650091, PR China
Yilong
Dong
School of Medicine, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming, 650091, PR China
Shangyong
Zheng
School of Medicine, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming, 650091, PR China
Chunjie
Xiao
School of Medicine, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming, 650091, PR China
Jing
Du
School of Medicine, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming, 650091, PR China
Hongliang
Li
School of Medicine, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming, 650091, PR China
Grifola frondosa
maitake
polysaccharide
amnesia
aluminum chloride
neuroprotection
medicinal mushrooms
Maitake (Grifola frondosa) is an edible mushroom exhibiting high nutritional value in terms of containing health-beneficial bioactive compounds. Previously, we reported that a protein-bound polysaccharide bioactive component of G. frondosa (PGM) could enhance the expression of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptor (AMPAR), which is critical for learning and memory. However, the potential benefits of PGM on learning and memory function have never been investigated. In the current study, we aimed to explore the beneficial effect of PGM on learning and memory function in aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced amnesia in mice and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Mice were intraperitoneally administered with AlCl3 (60 mg/kg/d) and PGM (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg/d) for 6 weeks consecutively, and then the Morris water maze (MWM) test was conducted to assess the learning and memory function. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to observe the morphology of neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). The expression of p-Tau (Ser396), Tau, p-GluA1 (S845), GluA1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) proteins was evaluated with western blot. We found that PGM (5 and 10 mg/kg/d) significantly improved learning and memory function and attenuated histopathological abnormalities in the hippocampal DG region in the AlCl3-treated mice. Furthermore, PGM treatment significantly enhanced the level of AMPAR and BDNF in the hippocampus, while suppressing the tau protein hyperphosphorylation at the Ser396 site. These findings indicated that PGM could significantly attenuate the AlCl3-induced amnesia through the synergistic action of its active component on tau pathology, AMPAR and BDNF signaling pathway.
Chemical Profile, In Vitro Enzyme Inhibitory, and Antioxidant Properties of Stereum Species (Agaricomycetes) from Turkey
1075-1087
10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2019032893
Fatih
Çayan
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Muğla Vocational School, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, 48000 Muğla, Turkey
Gülsen
Tel-Çayan
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Muğla Vocational School, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, 48000 Muğla, Turkey
Ebru
Deveci
Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technology Department, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Konya Technical University, 42250 Konya, Turkey
Mehmet
Öztürk
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
Mehmet Emin
Duru
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
anticholinesterase activity
antioxidant activity
fatty acid
medicinal mushrooms
phenolic compounds
Stereum rugosum
Stereum sanguinolentum
Recently, mushroom species have been the focus of researchers' interest because of several bioactivities. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical profile and biological activities of various extracts of two Stereum species (S. rugosum and S. sanguinolentum). Antioxidant activity was tested using β-carotene-linoleic acid, DPPH scavenging, ABTS·+ scavenging, cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and metal chelating assays. The extracts were also tested for their enzyme inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). HPLC-DAD was applied for the analysis of phenolic compounds, and fatty acid compositions were determined using GC and GC-MS. When fumaric acid and catechin hydrate were found as the most abundant phenolic compounds in both Stereum species, oleic acid and palmitic acid were identified as major fatty acids. Both of the studied Stereum methanol extracts were determined as the most active in β-carotene-linoleic acid, DPPR, ABTS·+, and CUPRAC assays; the n-hexane extracts were found to be most active in metal chelating and AChE inhibitory activity assays. In addition, the methanol extract of S. sanguinolentum (IC50: 34.26 ± 0.31 μ;g/mL) showed higher ABTS·+ scavenging activity than α-tocopherol (IC50: 38.51 ± 0.54 μ;g/mL). The acetone extracts were found as potent inhibitors against BChE. These results suggest that Stereum species could be an antioxidant source and cholinesterase agent in pharmaceutic, food, and cosmetics industries.
Effect of Aging on Culture and Cultivation of the Culinary-Medicinal Mushrooms Morchella importuna and M. sextelata (Ascomycetes)
1089-1098
10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2019032891
Peixin
He
College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
Miao
Yu
School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Yingli
Cai
Institute of Vegetable, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China
Wei
Liu
Institute of Applied Mycology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Wensheng
Wang
Henan Junsheng Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, China
Shaohua
Wang
Minquan Bureau of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Minquan 436800, China
Jing
Li
Minquan Bureau of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Minquan 436800, China
field cultivation
medicinal mushrooms
Morchella importuna
M. sextelata
morel
mycelial growth
oxidative stress
successive culturing
The prominent problem of "uncertainty" has been frustrating morel farming since the commercial production of Morchella mushrooms was realized in 2012 in China. Spawn aging may be the main underlying reason. In this paper, aging in cultivated strains of M. importuna T4 and M. sextelata T6 was achieved by successive subculturing. Oxidative stress, mycelial growth rate, biomass, sclerotial formation, pigmentation, and yield of different subcultures were determined. The results suggested that M. importuna T4 and M. sextelata T6 exhibited systemic senescence manifested as 24 and 17 subcultures and lifespan of 3048 and 2040 h, respectively. Aging showed a close relevance to oxidative stress. Regression analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between time of subculturing (aging) and lipid peroxidation (oxidative stress) in both morels. In addition, pigmentation tended to increase, while the number of sclerotia tended to decrease, with the rise of subculturing times in both morels. Moreover, the mycelial growth rate and biomass of the last two subcultures were significantly lower than those of others, indicating that cultural characteristics may be used as signs of seriously aging culture. Finally, the yield of subcultures was significantly lower than that of the original strains in artificial cultivation. Regression analysis showed a strong negative correlation between time of subculturing and yield in two morels. This work will improve the understanding of "uncertainty" and thus be beneficial for stable development of morel farming.
Medicinal, Nutritional, and Cosmetic Values of Macrofungi Distributed in Mazandaran Province of Northern Iran (Review)
1099-1106
10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2019032743
Susanna M.
Badalyan
Laboratory of Fungal Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, Yerevan State University, 1 A. Manoogian St., 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
Ali
Borhani
Agriculture and Natural Research Center of Mazandaran, Passand Forest and Rangeland Research Station, Behshahr, Iran
macrofungi
medicinal
edible
Northern Iran
biotechnological potential
A total of 82 species and 2 variations of medicinal and edible macrofungi (Basidiomycota and Ascomy-cota) have been collected and identified in Mazandaran Province of Northern Iran. Among these species, 58 possess medicinal and culinary properties, whereas 21 possess only medicinal properties (antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, an-timutagenic, antioxidant, antitumor, antiplatelet, hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, neurotropic, hypotensive, insec-ticidal, immunomodulating, mitogenic/regenerative, spasmolytic, etc.). No medicinal effect has yet been reported for 4 species (Cantharellus infundibuliformis, Mycena inclinata, Suillus collinitus, Xerocomus porosporus) and 2 variations (Pluteus cervinus var. albus, Russula cyanoxantha var. variata) of edible species. Among the listed species, 15 (such as Auricularia auricula-judae, Hericium erinaceus, Fomes fomentarius, Flammulina velutipes, Ganoderma lucidum, Lyophyllum decastes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Tremella mesenterica) are currently used for manufacturing organic cosmetic products. The well-known mushrooms with medicinal properties (e.g., Auricularia auricula-judae, Flammulina velutipes, Hericium erinaceus, Ganoderma lucidum, G. tsugae, G. adspersum, Trametes versicolor) and excellent edibility (e.g., Boletus edulis, Cantharellus cibarius, Morchella esculenta, Pleurotus ostreatus) are widely distributed in the studied area. The biological resources of macrofungi growing in Mazandaran Province of Northern Iran possess medicinal, nutritional, and cosmetic values and could be further used for biotechnological exploitation to develop mushroom-derived pharmaceuticals, nutriceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals.
Effect of Culture Time on the Bioactive Components in the Fruit Bodies of Caterpillar Mushroom, Cordyceps militaris CM-H0810 (Ascomycetes)
1107-1114
10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2019032704
Lina
Zhu
National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
Hongxia
Zhang
Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
Yangfang
Liu
Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
Jingsong
Zhang
Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China; National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi; National R&D Center for Edible Fungi Processing, Shanghai, 201403, P.R. China
Xinhua
Gao
Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
Qingjiu
Tang
Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South) of Ministry of Agriculture; National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding of Shanghai; Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
Cordyceps militaris
mannitol
medicinal mushrooms
nucleoside
polysaccharide
Cordyceps militaris are widely cultivated in China for an important raw material for health foods. CM-H0810 is a C. militaris strain used in the production of C. militaris in Shanghai, the surrounding areas of Shanghai, and Guangdong province in China. We evaluated the effect of culture time on the bioactive components in the fruit bodies of C. militaris CM-H0810 to provide scientific references for production of C. militaris fruit bodies with good quality. The results showed that the polysaccharide contents increased gradually during 35-45 d, but it declined with the prolongation of culture time. The highest polysaccharide content was 3.46% at 45 d. With the prolongation of culture time the cordycepin content gradually increased; the highest cordycepin content was 3.57 μ;g/mg at 60 d, which increased 321% compared to that at 35 d. Contrary to cordycepin, the adenosine content declined gradually, with the highest content of 1.86 μ;g/mg at 35 d and the lowest content of 1.48 μ;g/mg at 60 d. Our study indicates that it is necessary to select suitable harvest times in view of different compounds that are desirable to obtain in high quantities.
Comparison of Mono- and Dikaryotic Medicinal Mushrooms Lignocellulolytic Enzyme Activity
1115-1122
10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2019032706
Eva
Kachlishvili
The Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Georgia, 0131 Tbilisi, Georgia
Aza
Kobakhidze
The Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Georgia, 0131 Tbilisi, Georgia
Mariam
Rusitashvili
Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Georgia, 0131 Tbilisi, Georgia
Ana
Tsokilauri
Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Georgia, 0131 Tbilisi, Georgia
Vladimir I.
Elisashvili
The Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Georgia, 0131 Tbilisi, Georgia
mono- and dikaryotic basidiomycetes
submerged cultivation
cellulase
laccase
manganese peroxidase
medicinal mushrooms
Mono- and dikaryotic medicinal mushroom strains isolated from four wood-rotting basidiomycete fruiting bodies were comparatively evaluated for laccase, manganese peroxidase, cellulase, and xylanase activities in submerged cultivation in glucose or mandarin peel−containing media. Mandarin peels appeared to be the preferred growth substrate for laccase production by both mono- and dikaryotic Trametes multicolor 511 and T. versicolor 5 while glucose favored laccase activity secretion by Pleurotus ostreatus 2175. Lignocellulose-deconstructing enzyme profiles were highly variable between the studied monokaryotic and dikaryotic strains. A distinctive superiority of enzyme activity of the dikaryotic Trametes versicolor 5 and P. ostreatus 2175 over the same species monokaryotic isolates was revealed. By contrast, laccase, cellulase, and xylanase activities of the monokaryotic strain of T. multicolor 511 were rather higher than those in the dikaryotic culture. At the same time, hydrolases activity of Schizophyllum commune 632 was practically independent of the origin of the fungal culture. The results suggest that the monokaryotic isolates derived from the basidiomycetes fruiting bodies inherit parental properties but the capacity of individual monokaryotic cultures to produce lignocellulose-deconstructing enzymes can vary considerably.
Evaluation of Antiarthritic Effect of Culinary-Medicinal Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus cv. Florida (Agaricomycetes) on Complete Freund's Adjuvant Induced Arthritis in Rats
1123-1136
10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2019032636
Ayushi
Chourasia
Shri Ram Institute of Technology-Pharmacy, Jabalpur, M.P., India
Ankita
Tiwari
Shri Ram Institute of Technology-Pharmacy, Jabalpur, M.P., India
Aditya
Ganeshpurkar
Drug Discovery Laboratory, Shri Ram Institute of Technology−Pharmacy, Jabalpur, M.P., India
Anupam
Jaiswal
Shri Ram Institute of Technology-Pharmacy, Jabalpur, M.P., India
Abhishek
Shrivastava
Shri Ram Institute of Technology-Pharmacy, Jabalpur, M.P., India
Nazneen
Dubey
Shri Ram Institute of Technology-Pharmacy, Jabalpur, M.P., India
Pleurotus ostreatus cv. Florida
inflammation
arthritis
paw volume
X-ray
medicinal mushrooms
The present study evaluates the antiarthritic effect of hydroethanolic extract of Pleurotus ostreatus cv. Florida, which was tested against adjuvant induced arthritis in rat models. Arthritis was induced by administration of complete Freund's adjuvant into the subplantar surface of left paw of rats. The extract was given orally at doses 200 mg/ kg and 400 mg/kg and piroxicam was administered intraperitonially (4 mg/kg). In vitro testing on parameters including antiproteinestrase, albumin denaturation and heat induce hemolysis was also carried out. There was significant decrease (p < 0.001) in proteinase activity and membrane stabilization in vivo studies on cv. Florida extract treated rats showed a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in paw volume, joint diameter, and spontaneous change in body weight recorded for 21 days. The treatment also resulted in an increase in rats' gripping activity compared with arthritic control rats. X-ray examinations showed a decrease in joint swelling. Histopathological examination of the extract treated group showed a significant decrease in joint space. There was also an increase in antibody levels. The antioxidant parameters showed a significant (p < 0.001) increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymatic activities. Thus P. ostreatus cv. Florida extract demonstrates a potent antioxidant activity in a rat model. It is concluded that the P. ostreatus cv. Florida extract contains medicinally important constituents that show antiarthritic activity in rats.
Therapeutic Effect and Potential Mechanisms of Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes), Mycelia in Submerged Culture on Ethanol-Induced Chronic Gastric Injury
1137-1150
10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2019032885
Xiangjunzhi
Mao
School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
Zhen-Ming
Lu
National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Products Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
Ting-Ting
Gong
School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
Kang-Le
Wang
School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
Yan
Geng
School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
Hong-Yu
Xu
National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Products Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
Guo-Hua
Xu
Jiangsu Shenhua Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Huaian 211600, PR China
Jin-Song
Shi
School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
Zheng-Hong
Xu
National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Products Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
Hericium erinaceus
mycelia
gastric injury
iTRAQ
keratin
medicinal mushrooms
Hericium erinaceus (HE) is an edible and medicinal mushroom traditionally used for the treatment of gastric injury in clinical practice. However, scientific evidence of its pharmacological activities has not yet been revealed. This study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effect of HE mycelia in submerged culture on ethanol-induced chronic gastric injury (ECGI) in mice. Gastric injury model was induced by ethanol with chronic and binge ethanol feeding in mice, and then mice were treated with HE mycelia. The stomachs were removed for histopathological examination and inflammatory cytokines measurement. Meanwhile, total proteins of gastric tissue were analyzed by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling analysis to quantitatively identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in three groups of animals. Bioinformatics analysis of DEPs was conducted through clustering analysis, Venn analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) annotation enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enrichment. The histopathologic characteristics and biochemical data showed that HE mycelia (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) exhibited therapeutic effects on the ECGI mice. Based on the results of iTRAQ analysis, a total of 308 proteins were differentially expressed in the ethanol group when compared with the control group; 205 DEPs in the high dose of HE (HEH) group when compared with control group; and 230 DEPs in HE group (1.0 g/kg) when compared with ethanol group. KEGG analysis showed that the p53 signaling pathway was closely related to the therapeutic effect of HE mycelia on ECGI. Furthermore, the expression levels of several DEPs, including keratin (KRT) 16, KRT6b and transglutaminase E (TGE), were verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In conclusion, H. erinaceus mycelia could relieve ethanol-induced chronic gastric injury in mice by ameliorating inflammation as well as regulating epidermal differentiation.