Begell House Inc.
International Journal on Algae
IJA
1521-9429
12
2
2010
Chlorophyll d- the Main Photosynthetic Pigment of Acaryochloris marina Miyashita et Chihara (Cyanophytaya)
99-115
10.1615/InterJAlgae.v12.i2.10
E. B.
Onoiko
N.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2, TereshchenkovskayaSt, 01001 Kiev, Ukraine
chlorophyll d
Acaryochloris marina
photosystem I
photosystem II
reaction center
light-harvesting antenna
oxygenic photosynthesis.
The current manuscript summarizes the information concerning the unique prokaryotic alga Acaryochloris marina Miyashita et Chihara, which synthesizes chlorophyll d as the main photosynthetic pigment (more than 95% of the total chlorophyll) involved in oxygenic photosynthesis. Spectral properties of chlorophyll d allow A. marina to use the near-infrared light efficiently for photosynthesis. We present the information about the photosynthetic apparatus, structure, and organization of the photosystems and light-harvesting complex of A. marina, the occurrence of this alga in nature, and its forms of existence in vivo.
The Biomass Growth and Morphofunctional Parameters of Thalli in the Culture of Laurenciapapillosa (Forsk.) Grev.
116-128
10.1615/InterJAlgae.v12.i2.20
V. A.
Silkin
Southern Branch of the P.P. Shirshov Inst. of Oceanology, RAS, 353467 Gelendzhik, Krasnodar Region, Russia ; Institute of Cosmic Research, RAS, 84/32, Profsoyuznaya St., 17997Moscow, Russia
I. K.
Evstigneeva
A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2, Nakhimov Pr., Sevastopol, 99011, Crimea
V. Y.
Rygalov
University of North Dakota, 9008 University Avenue, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
Laurencia
morphostructure
biomass
growth rate
temperature
light
The regularity of formation of morphological structure of Laurencia papillosa (Forsk.) Grev. (Rhodophyta) thallus in bath culture for different temperature (15 and 20 °С) and light intensity (31 and 40 W/m2 PАR) were studied. Under transfer of Laurencia from the natural environment into culture the morphological organization follows extensive strategy (increase of the biomass through increasing the diameter and length of axis of thallus) that is most usual in the natural environment. Then the strategy changes for intensive through formation of new growth zones in secondary to quaternary branches but never in primary branches. Increase of the secondary branches for 30 day cultivation was about 180 and increase of the tertiary branches was more 100. As the result, the specific surface increases. In altering one strategy for the other temperature plays an important role and the intensity of light is the essential factor.
Water Blooms and Toxins Produced by Cyanobacteria in the Lower Suzdalskoeskoe Lake (Saint-Petersburg, Russia)
129-141
10.1615/InterJAlgae.v12.i2.30
L. N.
Voloshko
Biological Institute of St. Petersburg University, 2, Oranienbaumskoye Sch., Stariy Peterhof, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
A. V.
Pinevich
St. Petersburg State University, 2, Oranienbaumskoye Chausse, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia
J.
Kopecky
Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Videnská 1083, 14220 Praha 4, IC 61388971, Czech Republic
N. N.
Titova
Biological Institute of St. Petersburg University, 2, Oranienbaumskoye Sch., Stariy Peterhof, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
P.
Hrouzek
Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Videnská 1083, 14220 Praha 4, IC 61388971, Czech Republic
P.
Zelik
Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Videnská 1083, 14220 Praha 4, IC 61388971, Czech Republic
Suzdalskiye Lakes
water bloom
cyanobacteria (Cyanophyta)
Planktothrix agardhii
biologically active substances
toxins
The analysis of the freeze-dried phytoplankton biomass extracts collected during the water bloom in the Lower Suzdalskoe Lake (St. Petersburg) was performed using a high efficiency liquid chromatography method (HPLC). The analysis revealed the presence of hepatotoxic microcystin LA and LF in the biomass, as well as other biologically active compounds - protease inhibitors microcin SF608 and anabenopeptids A and F. Dangerous phytotoxins were not found in the biomass extract of the plankton dominant Planktothrix agardhii (Gom.) Anagn. et Kom. CALU1306. The presence of microcystins in the biomass is apparently due to the populations of other cyanobacteria (Microcystis (Kütz.) Elenk, Anabaena Bory, etc.). It has been concluded that the water bloom conditions require the effective control of environmental factors that cause eutrophication using chromatographic techniques, immunosorbent assays, and protein phosphatase tests.
Comparative Characteristic of the Phototroph Communities from the Mineral Lakes of Crimea (Ukraine) and Altai Region (Russia)
142-158
10.1615/InterJAlgae.v12.i2.40
O. S.
Samylina
S.N. Vinogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
L. M.
Gerasimenko
S.N. Vinogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
N. V.
Shadrin
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas
Sevastopol
hypersaline soda lakes
cyanobacteria
cyanobacterial communities
algobacterial communities
plant-bacterial communities
Phototroph communities were studied in Crimean highly mineralized sulphate-chloride lakes of marine and continental origin, and athalassic carbonate lakes of Altai Region. The diversity of communities providing primary production in mineral water bodies include: cyanobacterial biofilms and mats, algobacterial communities, plant-bacterial mats, cyanobacteria vegetating under mineral deposits, and planktonic communities. Morphology of the first three types is universal; it is similar to phototroph communities of other mineral lakes. Deviations from such structure may be caused both by physical and chemical parameters of environment, and the organism-ediphicator. In Crimean lakes all types of communities mentioned above were recorded, while in the Tantar system of reservoirs - only biofilms and one-year old mats. Biomass of the communities measured by chlorophyll а content, varied from 10 mg chl./m2 up to 600 mg chl./m2 depending on organisms-ediphicators. Species composition of dominating cyanobacteria in studied lakes depends on the level of mineralization of lake and presence of invertebrates with pasture type of feeding.
Anatomical Studies on a New Brown Alga, Nizamuddinia zarnardinii (Schiff.) P. Silva
159-168
10.1615/InterJAlgae.v12.i2.50
A.
Abbas
Department of Botany, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi-75300, Pakistan
M.
Shameel
Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
algae
phaeophycota
fucales
Nizamuddinia
Sargassopsis
taxonomy
morphology
anatomy
reproduction
A newly established fucalean alga, Nizamuddinia zarnardinii (Schiff.) P. Silva (= Sargassopsis zanardinii (Schiff.) Nizamuddin et al.) was collected from the coast of Ormara, Balochistan (Pakistan), and investigated in detail for its morphology, anatomy, and reproduction. This is the first study of its internal structure.
Ecological Investigation of Phytoplankton and Their Correlation to Environmental Variables
169-184
10.1615/InterJAlgae.v12.i2.60
Naser
Jafari
Department of Biology, Basic Faculty, Mazandaran University, Iran
A. Hosseinzadeh
Colagar
Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences & Nano and Biotechnology Group, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran
phytoplankton
diversity
eutrophication
river ecology
Tajan River
Seasonal variations of phytoplankton abundance and community organization were observed over a one-year period (June 2008 to July 2009) along Tajan River is among significant rivers of Caspian Sea water basin. Phytoplankton biovolume showed seasonality, with the highest levels during summer periods and lowest levels during the winter period. Phytoplankton abundance was correlated to water and air temperature patterns, which may be altered by long-term changes in climate. The main purpose of this study was to document relationship among nutrient concentrations with phytoplankton distribution and composition. The correlation coefficient between physico-chemical parameters and phytoplankton of river are significantly associated with most of the physico-chemical characteristic. From the results, it is evident that the Tajan River water is eutrophicated with high values of BOD, COD, phosphate, nitrate, sulphate, TDS, monovalent, divalent cations and dominated by members of Oscillatoria, Navicula, Nitzschia, Euglena, Cymbella, Synedra.
Dunaliella salina Teod. as a Prominent Source of Eicosapentaenoic Acid
185-189
10.1615/InterJAlgae.v12.i2.70
Rahul A.
Bhosale
Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, University of Pune, India
M. P.
Rajabhoj
Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, University of Pune, Pune-411 007, India
B. B.
Chaugule
Department of Botany, University of Pune, India
freshwater alga
high-salt tolerance
fatty acids
eicosapentaenoic acid
We are providing an additional report on high eicosapentanoeic acid (EPA) accumulation of the extensively studied alga Dunaliella salina Teod. A sample of the freshwater, high-salt tolerant (31%), and carotenizing green alga D. salina (Chlorophyceae) was collected from a salt pan of Bombay (India). It was analyzed for fatty acid content. The presence of 15 fatty acids was revealed, of which 7 were saturated (SFA), 6 were monounsaturated (MUFA), and 2 were polyunsaturated (PUFA) in D. salina. The major finding was the presence of a pharmaceutically and nutraceutically important PUFA: 21.4% of eicosapentanoeic acid. The major fatty acids identified were palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), palmitoleic (16:1), oleic (18:1n9c), linoleic (18:2n6c), and eicosapentanoeic acid (20:5n3). The total polyunsaturated content obtained was 24%. Fatty acids were characterized by the relatively high abundance of polyunsaturated acids, while the C20 unsaturated acids were appreciably more abundant than the C18 unsaturated acids. This is the first report on the high-salt tolerance (31%) of the alga D. salina, accumulating 21.4% of EPA.
Protein Content in the Biomass of Unialgal and Mixed Cultures of Algae
190-198
10.1615/InterJAlgae.v12.i2.80
A. V.
Kureishevich
Institute of Hydrobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv, Ukraine
: unialgal
cultures
mixed cultures
quantity of endogenous proteins
The protein content in the biomass of unialgal and mixed cultures of some green and blue-green algae was investigated. It was revealed that in mixed cultures the content of proteins sufficiently differed from the expected indices. Depending on peculiarities of the growth, the quantity of endogenous proteins in mixed cultures may increase more than 50% or decrease 40−240% compared to average indices of protein content in monocultures.