Publication de 6 numéros par an
ISSN Imprimer: 1045-4403
ISSN En ligne: 2162-6502
Indexed in
Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Infection in Pakistan: Current Estimate and Major Risk Factors
RÉSUMÉ
In Pakistan, hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major healthcare problem, with acute and chronic infections responsible for liver damage, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Under the Human Development Index of the United Nations, Pakistan is ranked 134th of 174 countries due to its poor educational and health standards. This study was designed to study HCV and its genotype prevalence in different cities and provinces of Pakistan and describe the major routes of HCV transmission. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Mendeley, and Google Scholar. Ninety different studies were screened for this review, ranging from those published during the years 2000 to 2013. By calculating the mean average of all studies, it was clear that HCV percentage prevalence in the adult population was 11.55%, blood donors 10.10%, pregnant women 4.65%, children 1.6%, patients with different diseases 24.97%, and injecting drug users had the highest prevalence at 51.0%. HCV genotype 3a prevalence was found to be 63.45%, the highest of all genotypes. The percentage prevalence of HCV found for all of the provinces was Punjab: 5.46%, Sindh: 2.55%, Khyber Pakhtoonkhaw: 6.07%, Balochistan: 25.77%, and federally administrated tribal areas: 3.37%. This study shows that the overall prevalence of HCV in the provinces of Pakistan is 8.64% and suggests that the major routes of HCV transmission are reuse of syringes and needles and unchecked blood transfusions. Awareness and economic growth are required to help decrease HCV infection and improve health standards in Pakistan.
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Khan Abdul Waheed, Nawab Sadia, Nasim Zeeshan, Khan Abdul Haleem, Ahmad Syed Ishfaq, Zahir Fazli, Din Israr Ud, Pattern of hepatitis C virus genotypes and subtypes circulating in war-stricken Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: Review of published literature, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 10, 11, 2017. Crossref
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Al Kanaani Zaina, Mahmud Sarwat, Kouyoumjian Silva P., Abu-Raddad Laith J., The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Pakistan: systematic review and meta-analyses, Royal Society Open Science, 5, 4, 2018. Crossref
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Zafar Ayesha, Imran Muhammad, Zahoor Sarmad, Shah Zaheer Hussain, Ali Muhammad, Afzal Muhammad Sohail, Prevalence and Treatment of Untypable HCV Variants in Different Districts of Punjab, Pakistan, Viral Immunology, 31, 6, 2018. Crossref
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Xia Lei, Routledge Michael N., Rasheed Hifza, Ismail Amir, Dong Yao, Jiang Tao, Gong Yun Yun, Biomonitoring of Aflatoxin B1 and Deoxynivalenol in a Rural Pakistan Population Using Ultra-Sensitive LC-MS/MS Method, Toxins, 12, 9, 2020. Crossref
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Yousaf Anam, Ghafoor Atif, Fatima Noor, Danish Muhammad, Gender-Specific Frequency Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes in Punjab province, Pakistan: A Clinically Significant Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study, Cureus, 2021. Crossref
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Ali Mahwish, Farhat Syeda Mehpara, Saeed Rida Fatima, Amraiz Deeba, Mehmood Sabba, Akbar Samina, Climate beast: a potential threat for repercussions of disease status in Pakistan, Reviews on Environmental Health, 36, 2, 2021. Crossref
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Biland Bakht, Haq Mohsina, Muhammad Sardar, Subhani Mohsan, Gardezi Syed, Haq Najibul, Tehami Nadeem, Frequency Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes with Reference to Age and Sex in Various Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, EMJ Hepatology, 2021. Crossref
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Immunoassay Technique for Diagnosis of Hepatitis B and C Virus Among Drivers and Conductors of long Route Heavy Vehicles, Abasyn Journal Life Sciences, 2020. Crossref
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Israr Muhammad, Ali Fawad, Nawaz Arif, Idrees Muhammad, Khattak Aishma, Ur Rehman Shafiq, Azizullah Azizullah, Ahmad Bashir, Bano Syeda Asma, Iqbal Rashid, Chemin Isabelle, Seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of hepatitis B and C virus infections among pregnant women attending maternity wards at two hospitals in Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, PLOS ONE, 16, 8, 2021. Crossref
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Rao Javeria Rafique, Rafique Shazia, Ali Amjad, Rehman Gouhar, Ilyas Muhammad, Idrees Muhammad, Next-generation sequencing studies on the E1-HVR1 region of hepatitis C virus (HCV) from non-high-risk HCV patients living in Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Archives of Virology, 166, 11, 2021. Crossref
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ASGHAR Muhammad Sohaib, RASHEED Uzma, HASSAN Maira, AKRAM Mohammed, YASEEN Rabail, FAYAZ Basmah, A CROSS-SECTIONAL SCREENING SURVEY ON THE SEROPREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B AND HEPATITIS C AMONGST THE GENERAL POPULATION OF RURAL DISTRICTS OF SINDH, PAKISTAN, Arquivos de Gastroenterologia, 58, 2, 2021. Crossref
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Hussain Nazim, Bungau Simona, Behl Tapan, Sehgal Aayush, Mahmood Maheen, Manzoor Sadia, Qayyum Muhammad Abdul, Khan Muhammad Imran, Moleriu Lavinia Cristina, Bilal Muhammad, Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in Punjab region, Pakistan, based on a study of 4177 specimens, Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 91, 2021. Crossref
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Nasir Urwa , John Akash , Ameen Nasir , Sehrish Miss, Bhatti Amina Sharif , Assessment of Knowledge Regarding Hepatitis C Transmission, Treatment, and Vaccination among Health Care Providers, Pakistan BioMedical Journal, 2022. Crossref
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Dopico Eva, Rodriguez-Frias Francisco, Ubillos Itziar, Rando-Segura Ariadna, Garcia-Cehic Damir, Gregori Josep, Rando-Matos Yolanda, Solsona Luis, Niubó Jordi, Esteban Juan Ignacio, Costa Josep, Martínez Miguel J, Quer Josep, Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection, Genotypes and Subtypes in Migrants from Pakistan in Barcelona, Spain, Infection and Drug Resistance, Volume 15, 2022. Crossref
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Uzair Khalid Muhammad, Khan Shawn, Koerber Daniel, Ashok Shah Hemant, Educational interventions to improve hepatitis C testing or treatment in South Asian communities: A systematic review, Canadian Liver Journal, 2022. Crossref
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Ajmal Maryam, Bedale Wendy, Akram Abida, Yu Jae-Hyuk, Comprehensive Review of Aflatoxin Contamination, Impact on Health and Food Security, and Management Strategies in Pakistan, Toxins, 14, 12, 2022. Crossref