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Critical Reviews™ in Immunology

Publication de 6  numéros par an

ISSN Imprimer: 1040-8401

ISSN En ligne: 2162-6472

The Impact Factor measures the average number of citations received in a particular year by papers published in the journal during the two preceding years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) IF: 1.3 To calculate the five year Impact Factor, citations are counted in 2017 to the previous five years and divided by the source items published in the previous five years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) 5-Year IF: 2.6 The Eigenfactor score, developed by Jevin West and Carl Bergstrom at the University of Washington, is a rating of the total importance of a scientific journal. Journals are rated according to the number of incoming citations, with citations from highly ranked journals weighted to make a larger contribution to the eigenfactor than those from poorly ranked journals. Eigenfactor: 0.00079 The Journal Citation Indicator (JCI) is a single measurement of the field-normalized citation impact of journals in the Web of Science Core Collection across disciplines. The key words here are that the metric is normalized and cross-disciplinary. JCI: 0.24 SJR: 0.429 SNIP: 0.287 CiteScore™:: 2.7 H-Index: 81

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Autoimmune Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis: Role of Autoreactive T Lymphocytes and New Immunotherapeutic Strategies

Volume 17, Numéro 1, 1997, pp. 33-75
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevImmunol.v17.i1.20
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RÉSUMÉ

Accumulating evidence indicates that multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease mediated by autoreactive T lymphocytes with specificity for myelin antigens. Initially, the evidence to support this hypothesis was based mainly on experiments performed in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS. In this model it was demonstrated that T cells reactive to several myelin antigens are encephalitogenic. Many recent immunological and immunohistohemical studies in MS have yielded further data to support this view. For instance, it was demonstrated that activated myelin basic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP)-specific T cells accumulate in the central nervous system (CNS), and that clonally expanded MBP-specific T cells persist for several years in the blood of patients with MS. Furthermore, T cells with specificity for MBP were identified in the brain lesions of the patients. It is not yet clear how these autoreactive T cells are activated in the periphery, but several studies have suggested that viral antigens mimicking the myelin epitopes, or superantigens may be involved. Furthermore, we and others have provided evidence showing that the regulatory mechanisms that control autoreactive T cells in healthy subjects are potentially defective in MS patients. In addition to myelin reactive T cells, B cells producing myelin-specific antibodies and γδ T cells may also play an important role in the autoimmune cascade. Based on the recent insights in the disease mechanisms, new experimental therapies were developed to target specifically the pathogenic lymphocytes in MS. Some therapies yielded encouraging data in pilot studies, whereas phase III trials of other drugs showed beneficial effects on the disease course. In this article, we overview the most recent data on the role of autoreactive lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of the disease, and discuss some of the recently developed immunotherapeutical strategies in MS.

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