SINOPSIS

Future cancer therapy will depend on combination therapy with multiple drugs to achieve maximum effects and minimum toxicity. Due to the complexity and significance of the tumor microenvironment (TME), it is vital to elucidate this complicated environment when designing a co-delivery system. There are numerous potent target sites in the TME to facilitate simultaneous and selective delivery. Currently, nanocarriers are used frequently in co-delivery systems for multiple antitumor treatments. Nanocarriers can efficiently deliver drugs and achieve synergistic effects, but the potent barriers in the TME and their inherent limitations have restricted their use. It is crucial to design an effected co-delivery system associated with the TME to achieve better anti-tumor activity, which we define as a "stereoscopic response." Although there are many obstacles in this field, the combination of simultaneous response in the TME with drug activity may present a promising strategy to achieve innovative, safe, and effective treatment.