Abo Bibliothek: Guest
Critical Reviews™ in Immunology

Erscheint 6 Ausgaben pro Jahr

ISSN Druckformat: 1040-8401

ISSN Online: 2162-6472

The Impact Factor measures the average number of citations received in a particular year by papers published in the journal during the two preceding years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) IF: 1.3 To calculate the five year Impact Factor, citations are counted in 2017 to the previous five years and divided by the source items published in the previous five years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) 5-Year IF: 2.6 The Eigenfactor score, developed by Jevin West and Carl Bergstrom at the University of Washington, is a rating of the total importance of a scientific journal. Journals are rated according to the number of incoming citations, with citations from highly ranked journals weighted to make a larger contribution to the eigenfactor than those from poorly ranked journals. Eigenfactor: 0.00079 The Journal Citation Indicator (JCI) is a single measurement of the field-normalized citation impact of journals in the Web of Science Core Collection across disciplines. The key words here are that the metric is normalized and cross-disciplinary. JCI: 0.24 SJR: 0.429 SNIP: 0.287 CiteScore™:: 2.7 H-Index: 81

Indexed in

Zutritt verschaffen(open in a new tab)
Mehr
Kauf $90.00(open in a new tab) Abonnement prüfen MARC-Eintrag herunterladen(open in a new tab) Berechtigungen erhalten(open in a new tab)

New Clinical Approaches and Emerging Evidence on Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors as Anti-Cancer Therapeutics: CTLA-4 and PD-1 Pathways and Beyond

Volumen 39, Ausgabe 5, 2019, pp. 379-408
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevImmunol.2020033340
Get accessGet access
Maria-Ioanna Christodoulou
Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus
Apostolos Zaravinos
Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus; Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), Cancer Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus

ABSTRAKT

Background−The development of immune checkpoint blockers, primarily comprising the anti-PD-1/an-ti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies, has formed the therapeutic landscape of quite a few different cancer types. In spite of the great clinical results produced by some inhibitors in some cases, most cancer patients still present de novo or adaptive resistance, and thus, the overall efficacy of this type of immunotherapy is not sufficient. Here, we explore emerging immune checkpoint molecules apart from anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4, presently being used in the clinical setting as mono- or combinatorial therapy against various cancer types.
Methods−Primary publications with results between January 2014 and December 2019 were investigated on PubMed. ClinicalTrials.gov was screened for finding phase I/II/III cancer trials on the use of new immune checkpoint targets, including LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT, and VISTA, which are active (recruiting or not) or completed.
Results−We recapitulate the clinical data associated with these immune checkpoint inhibitors and analyze their application prospects. The investigation about such emerging molecules has produced encouraging outcomes in preclinical studies and/or clinical trials.
Conclusions−Although monotherapy treatment has yielded impressive results in some cases, the current attempts emphasize more the design of combinatorial immune checkpoint inhibition that targets non-redundant pathways to achieve a synergistic effect against cancer cells. It seems that such new combinatorial checkpoint inhibition schemes will achieve better outcomes for the patients than the ones witnessed with CTLA-4 or PD-1/PD-L1 blockers.

SCHLÜSSELWÖRTER: immune checkpoint blockade/inhibition, cancer, anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, anti-CTLA-4, anti-IDO-1, anti-TIM-3, anti-LAG-3, anti-TIGIT, anti-PVRIG, anti-B7-H3
REFERENZEN

  1. Christofi T, Baritaki S, Falzone L, Libra M, Zaravinos A. Current perspectives in cancer immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(10):E1472. .

  2. Hodi FS, O'Day SJ, McDermott DF, Weber RW, Sosman JA, Haanen JB, Gonzalez R, Robert C, Schadendorf D, Hassel JC, Akerley W, van den Eertwegh AJ, Lutzky J, Lorigan P, Vaubel JM, Linette GP, Hogg D, Ottensmeier CH, Lebbe C, Peschel C, Quirt I, Clark JI, Wolchok JD, Weber JS, Tian J, Yellin MJ, Nichol GM, Hoos A, Urba WJ. Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(8):711-23. .

  3. Small EJ, Tchekmedyian NS, Rini BI, Fong L, Lowy I, Allison JP. A pilot trial of CTLA-4 blockade with human anti-CTLA-4 in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13(6):1810-5. .

  4. Topalian SL, Drake CG, Pardoll DM. Targeting the PD-1/B7-H1(PD-L1) pathway to activate anti-tumor immunity. Curr Opin Immunol. 2012;24(2):207-12. .

  5. Weber JS, D'Angelo SP, Minor D, Hodi FS, Gutzmer R, Neyns B, Hoeller C, Khushalani NI, Miller Jr WH, Lao CD, Linette GP, Thomas L, Lorigan P, Grossmann KF, Hassel JC, Maio M, Sznol M, Ascierto PA, Mohr P, Chmielowski B, Bryce A, Svane IM, Grob JJ, Krackhardt AM, Horak C, Lambert A, Yang AS, Larkin J. Nivolumab versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma who progressed after anti-CTLA-4 treatment (CheckMate 037): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16(4):375-84. .

  6. Syn NL, Teng MWL, Mok TSK, Soo RA. Denovo and acquired resistance to immune checkpoint targeting. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18(12):e731-e41. .

  7. Lenschow DJ, Walunas TL, Bluestone JA. CD28/B7 system of T cell costimulation. Annu Rev Immunol. 1996;14:233-58. .

  8. Krummel MF, Allison JP. CD28 and CTLA-4 have opposing effects on the response of T cells to stimulation. J Exp Med. 1995;182(2):459-65. .

  9. Walunas TL, Bakker CY, Bluestone JA. CTLA-4 ligation blocks CD28-dependent T cell activation. J Exp Med. 1996;183(6):2541-50. .

  10. Walunas TL, Lenschow DJ, Bakker CY, Linsley PS, Freeman GJ, Green JM, Thompson CB, Bluestone JA. CTLA-4 can function as a negative regulator of T cell activation. Immunity. 1994;1(5):405-13. .

  11. Waterhouse P, Penninger JM, Timms E, Wakeham A, Shahinian A, Lee KP, Thompson CB, Griesser H, Mak TW. Lymphoproliferative disorders with early lethality in mice deficient in Ctla-4. Science. 1995;270(5238):985-8. .

  12. Harding FA, McArthur JG, Gross JA, Raulet DH, Allison JP. CD28-mediated signalling co-stimulates murine T cells and prevents induction of anergy in T-cell clones. Nature. 1992;356(6370):607-9. .

  13. Magistrelli G, Jeannin P, Herbault N, Benoit De Coignac A, Gauchat JF, Bonnefoy JY, Delneste Y. A soluble form of CTLA-4 generated by alternative splicing is expressed by nonstimulated human T cells. Eur J Immunol. 1999;29(11):3596-602. .

  14. Fife BT, Pauken KE. The role of the PD-1 pathway in autoimmunity and peripheral tolerance. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011;1217:45-59. .

  15. Francisco LM, Sage PT, Sharpe AH. The PD-1 pathway in tolerance and autoimmunity. Immunol Rev. 2010;236:219-42. .

  16. Freeman GJ, Long AJ, Iwai Y, Bourque K, Chernova T, Nishimura H, Fitz LJ, Malenkovich N, Okazaki T, Byrne MC, Horton HF, Fouser L, Carter L, Ling V, Bowman MR, Carreno BM, Collins M, Wood CR, Honjo T. Engagement of the PD-1 immunoinhibitory receptor by a novel B7 family member leads to negative regulation of lymphocyte activation. J Exp Med. 2000;192(7):1027-34. .

  17. Latchman Y, Wood CR, Chernova T, Chaudhary D, Borde M, Chernova I, Iwai Y, Long AJ, Brown JA, Nunes R, Greenfield EA, Bourque K, Boussiotis VA, Carter LL, Carreno BM, Malenkovich N, Nishimura H, Okazaki T, Honjo T, Sharpe AH, Freeman GJ. PD-L2 is a second ligand for PD-1 and inhibits T cell activation. Nat Immunol. 2001;2(3):261-8 .

  18. Yamazaki T, Akiba H, Iwai H, Matsuda H, Aoki M, Tanno Y, Shin T, Tsuchiya H, Pardoll DM, Okumura K, Azuma M, Yagita H. Expression of programmed death 1 ligands by murine T cells and APC. J Immunol. 2002;169(10):5538-45. .

  19. Blank C, Brown I, Peterson AC, Spiotto M, Iwai Y, Honjo T, Gajewski TF. PD-L1/B7H-1 inhibits the effector phase of tumor rejection by T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic CD8+ T cells. Cancer Res. 2004;64(3):1140-5. .

  20. Iwai Y, Ishida M, Tanaka Y, Okazaki T, Honjo T, Minato N. Involvement of PD-L1 on tumor cells in the escape from host immune system and tumor immunotherapy by PD-L1 blockade. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002;99(19):12293-7. .

  21. Gubin MM, Zhang X, Schuster H, Caron E, Ward JP, Noguchi T, Ivanova Y, Hundal J, Arthur CD, Krebber WJ, Mulder GE, Toebes M, Vesely MD, Lam SS, Korman AJ, Allison JP, Freeman GJ, Sharpe AH, Pearce EL, Schumacher TN, Aebersold R, Rammensee HG, Melief CJ, Mardis ER, Gillanders WE, Artyomov MN, Schreiber RD. Checkpoint blockade cancer immunotherapy targets tumour-specific mutant antigens. Nature. 2014;515(7528):577-81. .

  22. Duffy AG, Ulahannan SV, Makorova-Rusher O, Rahma 0, Wedemeyer H, Pratt D, Davis JL, Hughes MS, Heller T, ElGindi M, Uppala A, Korangy F, Kleiner DE, Figg WD, Venzon D, Steinberg SM, Venkatesan AM, Krishnasamy V, Abi-Jaoudeh N, Levy E, Wood BJ, Greten TF. Tremelimumab in combination with ablation in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2017;66(3):545-51. .

  23. Maio M, Scherpereel A, Calabro L, Aerts J, Cedres Perez S, Bearz A, Nackaerts K, Fennell DA, Kowalski D, Tsao AS, Taylor P, Grosso F, Antonia SJ, Nowak AK, Taboada M, Puglisi M, Stockman PK, Kindler HL. Tremelimumab as second-line or third-line treatment in relapsed malignant mesothelioma (determine): a multicentre, international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18(9):1261-73. .

  24. Redman JM, Gibney GT, Atkins MB. Advances in immunotherapy for melanoma. BMC Med. 2016;14:20. .

  25. Rini BI, Plimack ER, Stus V, Gafanov R, Hawkins R, Nosov D, Pouliot F, Alekseev B, Soulieres D, Melichar B, Vynnychenko I, Kryzhanivska A, Bondarenko 1, Azevedo SJ, Borchiellini D, Szczylik C, Markus M, McDermott RS, Bedke J, Tartas S, Chang YH, Tamada S, Shou Q, Perini RF, Chen M, Atkins MB, Powles T, Investigators K. Pembrolizumab plus axitinib versus sunitinib for advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(12):1116-27. .

  26. Hansen AR, Massard C, Ott PA, Haas NB, Lopez JS, Ejadi S, Wallmark JM, Keam B, Delord JP, Aggarwal R, Gould M, Yang P, Keefe SM, Piha-Paul SA. Pembrolizumab for advanced prostate adenocarcinoma: findings of the key-bote-028 study. Ann Oncol. 2018;29(8):1807-13. .

  27. Economopoulou P, Agelaki S, Perisanidis C, Giotakis EI, Psyrri A. The promise of immunotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol. 2016;27(9):1675-85. .

  28. Bryan LJ, Gordon LI. Pidilizumab in the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2014;14(9):1361-8. .

  29. Armand P, Nagler A, Weller EA, Devine SM, Avigan DE, Chen YB, Kaminski MS, Holland HK, Winter JN, Mason JR, Fay JW, Rizzieri DA, Hosing CM, Ball ED, Uberti JP, Lazarus HM, Mapara MY, Gregory SA, Timmerman JM, Andorsky D, Or R, Waller EK, Rotem-Yehudar R, Gordon LI. Disabling immune tolerance by programmed death-1 blockade with pidilizumab after autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: results of an international phase II trial. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(33):4199-206. .

  30. Bang YJ, Ruiz EY, Van Cutsem E, Lee KW, Wyrwicz L, Schenker M, Alsina M, Ryu MH, Chung HC, Evesque L, Al-Batran SE, Park SH, Lichinitser M, Boku N, Moehler MH, Hong J, Xiong H, Hallwachs R, Conti I, Taieb J. Phase III, randomised trial of avelumab versus physician's choice of chemotherapy as third-line treatment of patients with advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction caner: primary analysis of JAVELIN Gastric 300. Ann Oncol. 2018;29(10):2052-60. .

  31. Brahmer JR, Tykodi SS, Chow LQ, Hwu WJ, Topalian SL, Hwu P, Drake CG, Camacho LH, Kauh J, Odunsi K, Pitot HC, Hamid O, Bhatia S, Martins R, Eaton K, Chen S, Salay TM, Alaparthy S, Grosso JF, Korman AJ, Parker SM, Agrawal S, Goldberg SM, Pardoll DM, Gupta A, Wigginton JM. Safety and activity of anti-PD-L1 antibody in patients with advanced cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(26):2455-65. .

  32. Fuereder T. Immunotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Memo. 2016;9:66-9. .

  33. Gkolfinopoulos S, Mountzios G. Recent clinical trials of immunotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer. Immunotherapy. 2019;11(6):461-6. .

  34. Hamilou Z, Lavaud P, Loriot Y. Atezolizumab in urothelial bladder carcinoma. Future Oncol. 2018;14(4):331-41. .

  35. Stenehjem DD, Tran D, Nkrumah MA, Gupta S. PD1/PDL1 inhibitors for the treatment of advanced urothelial bladder cancer. Onco Targets Ther. 2018;11:5973-89. .

  36. Passiglia F, Galvano A, Rizzo S, Incorvaia L, Listi A, Bazan V, Russo A. Looking for the best immune-checkpoint inhibitor in pre-treated NSCLC patients: an indirect comparison between nivolumab, pembrolizumab and atezolizumab. Int J Cancer. 2018;142(6):1277-84. .

  37. Li J, Ni L, Dong C. Immune checkpoint receptors in cancer: redundant by design? Curr Opin Immunol. 2017;45:37-42. .

  38. Yi M, Yu S, Qin S, Liu Q, Xu H, Zhao W, Chu Q, Wu K. Gut microbiome modulates efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. J Hematol Oncol. 2018;11(1):47. .

  39. Andrews LP, Marciscano AE, Drake CG, Vignali DA. LAG3 (CD223) as a cancer immunotherapy target. Immunol Rev. 2017;276(1):80-96. .

  40. Das M, Zhu C, Kuchroo VK. Tim-3 and its role in regulating anti-tumor immunity. Immunol Rev. 2017;276(1):97-111. .

  41. Jin HT, Anderson AC, Tan WG, West EE, Ha SJ, Araki K, Freeman GJ, Kuchroo VK, Ahmed R. Cooperation of Tim-3 and PD-1 in CD8 T-cell exhaustion during chronic viral infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107(33):14733-8. .

  42. Joller N, Hafler JP, Brynedal B, Kassam N, Spoerl S, Levin SD, Sharpe AH, Kuchroo VK. Cutting edge: TIGIT has T cell-intrinsic inhibitory functions. J Immunol. 2011;186(3):1338-42. .

  43. Stanietsky N, Simic H, Arapovic J, Toporik A, Levy O, Novik A, Levine Z, Beiman M, Dassa L, Achdout H, Stern-Ginossar N, Tsukerman P, Jonjic S, Mandelboim O. The interaction of TIGIT with PVR and PVRL2 inhibits human NK cell cytotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106(42):17858-63. .

  44. Whelan S, Ophir E, Kotturi MF, Levy O, Ganguly S, Leung L, Vaknin I, Kumar S, Dassa L, Hansen K, Bernados D, Murter B, Soni A, Taube JM, Fader AN, Wang TL, Shih IM, White M, Pardoll DM, Liang SC. PVRIG and PVRL2 are induced in cancer and inhibit CD8(+) T-cell function. Cancer Immunol Res. 2019;7(2):257-68. .

  45. Loos M, Hedderich DM, Friess H, Kleeff J. B7-h3 and its role in antitumor immunity. Clin Dev Immunol. 2010;2010:683875. .

  46. Mo LJ, Ye HX, Mao Y, Yao Y, Zhang JM. B7-H4 expression is elevated in human U251 glioma stem-like cells and is inducible in monocytes cultured with U251 stem-like cell conditioned medium. Chin J Cancer. 2013;32(12):653-60. .

  47. Wang L, Rubinstein R, Lines JL, Wasiuk A, Ahonen C, Guo Y, Lu LF, Gondek D, Wang Y, Fava RA, Fiser A, Almo S, Noelle RJ. VISTA, a novel mouse Ig superfamily ligand that negatively regulates T cell responses. J Exp Med. 2011;208(3):577-92. .

  48. Chapoval AI, Ni J, Lau JS, Wilcox RA, Flies DB, Liu D, Dong H, Sica GL, Zhu G, Tamada K, Chen L. B7-H3: a costimulatory molecule for T cell activation and IFN-gamma production. Nat Immunol. 2001;2(3):269-74. .

  49. Sun Y, Wang Y, Zhao J, Gu M, Giscombe R, Lefvert AK, Wang X. B7-H3 and B7-H4 expression in non-small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 2006;53(2):143-51. .

  50. Gao J, Ward JF, Pettaway CA, Shi LZ, Subudhi SK, Vence LM, Zhao H, Chen J, Chen H, Efstathiou E, Troncoso P, Allison JP, Logothetis CJ, Wistuba II, Sepulveda MA, Sun J, Wargo J, Blando J, Sharma P. VISTA is an inhibitory immune checkpoint that is increased after ipilimumab therapy in patients with prostate cancer. Nat Med. 2017;23(5):551-5. .

  51. Kakavand H, Jackett LA, Menzies AM, Gide TN, Carlino MS, Saw RPM, Thompson JF, Wilmott JS, Long GV, Scolyer RA. Negative immune checkpoint regulation by VISTA: a mechanism of acquired resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in metastatic melanoma patients. Mod Pathol. 2017;30(12):1666-76. .

  52. O'Sullivan Coyne G, Madan RA, Gulley JL. Nivolumab: promising survival signal coupled with limited toxicity raises expectations. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(10):986-8. .

  53. Topalian SL, Sznol M, McDermott DF, Kluger HM, Carvajal RD, Sharfman WH, Brahmer JR, Lawrence DP, Atkins MB, Powderly JD, Leming PD, Lipson EJ, Puzanov I, Smith DC, Taube JM, Wigginton JM, Kollia GD, Gupta A, Pardoll DM, Sosman JA, Hodi FS. Survival, durable tumor remission, and long-term safety in patients with advanced melanoma receiving nivolumab. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(10):1020-30 .

  54. Antonia SJ, Lopez-Martin JA, Bendell J, Ott PA, Taylor M, Eder JP, Jager D, Pietanza MC, Le DT, de Braud F, Morse MA, Ascierto PA, Horn L, Amin A, Pillai RN, Evans J, Chau I, Bono P, Atmaca A, Sharma P, Harbison CT, Lin CS, Christensen O, Calvo E. Nivolumab alone and nivolumab plus ipilimumab in recurrent small-cell lung cancer (CheckMate 032): a multicentre, open-label, phase 1/2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(7):883-95. .

  55. Hammers HJ, Plimack ER, Infante JR, Rini BI, McDermott DF, Lewis LD, Voss MH, Sharma P, Pal SK, Razak ARA, Kollmannsberger C, Heng DYC, Spratlin J, McHenry MB, Amin A. Safety and efficacy of nivolumab in combination with ipilimumab in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: the CheckMate 016 study. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(34):3851-8. .

  56. Hodi FS, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, Grob JJ, Rutkowski P, Cowey CL, Lao CD, Schadendorf D, Wagstaff J, Dummer R, Ferrucci PF, Smylie M, Hill A, Hogg D, Marquez-Rodas I, Jiang J, Rizzo J, Larkin J, Wolchok JD. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab or nivolumab alone versus ipilimumab alone in advanced melanoma (CheckMate 067): 4-year outcomes of a multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(11):1480-92. .

  57. Weber J, Mandala M, Del Vecchio M, Gogas HJ, Arance AM, Cowey CL, Dalle S, Schenker M, Chiarion-Sileni V, Marquez-Rodas I, Grob JJ, Butler MO, Middleton MR, Maio M, Atkinson V, Queirolo P, Gonzalez R, Kudchadkar RR, Smylie M, Meyer N, Mortier L, Atkins MB, Long GV, Bhatia S, Lebbe C, Rutkowski P, Yokota K, Yamazaki N, Kim TM, de Pril V, Sabater J, Qureshi A, Larkin J, Ascierto PA. Adjuvant nivolumab versus ipilimumab in resected stage III or IV melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(19):1824-35. .

  58. Larkin J, Minor D, D'Angelo S, Neyns B, Smylie M, Miller Jr WH, Gutzmer R, Linette G, Chmielowski B, Lao CD, Lorigan P, Grossmann K, Hassel JC, Sznol M, Daud A, Sosman J, Khushalani N, Schadendorf D, Hoeller C, Walker D, Kong G, Horak C, Weber J. Overall survival in patients with advanced melanoma who received nivolumab versus investigator's choice chemotherapy in CheckMate 037: a randomized, controlled, open-label phase III trial. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(4):383-90. .

  59. Robert C, Long GV, Brady B, Dutriaux C, Maio M, Mortier L, Hassel JC, Rutkowski P, McNeil C, Kalinka-Warzocha E, Savage KJ, Hernberg MM, Lebbe C, Charles J, Mihalcioiu C, Chiarion-Sileni V, Mauch C, Cognetti F, Arance A, Schmidt H, Schadendorf D, Gogas H, Lundgren-Eriksson L, Horak C, Sharkey B, Waxman IM, Atkinson V, Ascierto PA. Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(4):320-30. .

  60. Borghaei H, Paz-Ares L, Horn L, Spigel DR, Steins M, Ready NE, Chow LQ, Vokes EE, Felip E, Holgado E, Barlesi F, Kohlhaufl M, Arrieta O, Burgio MA, Fayette J, Lena H, Poddubskaya E, Gerber DE, Gettinger SN, Rudin CM, Rizvi N, Crino L, Blumenschein GR, Jr., Antonia SJ, Dorange C, Harbison CT, Graf Finckenstein F, Brahmer JR. Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(17):1627-39. .

  61. Horn L, Spigel DR, Vokes EE, Holgado E, Ready N, Steins M, Poddubskaya E, Borghaei H, Felip E, Paz-Ares L, Pluzanski A, Reckamp KL, Burgio MA, Kohlhaeufl M, Waterhouse D, Barlesi F, Antonia S, Arrieta O, Fayette J, Crino L, Rizvi N, Reck M, Hellmann MD, Geese WJ, Li A, Blackwood-Chirchir A, Healey D, Brahmer J, Eberhardt WEE. Nivolumab versus docetaxel in previously treated patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: two-year outcomes from two randomized, open-label, phase III trials (CheckMate 017 and CheckMate 057). J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(35):3924-33. .

  62. Reck M, Brahmer J, Bennett B, Taylor F, Penrod JR, DeRosa M, Dastani H, Spigel DR, Gralla RJ. Evaluation of health-related quality of life and symptoms in patients with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer treated with nivolumab or docetaxel in CheckMate 057. Eur J Cancer. 2018;102:23-30. .

  63. Brahmer J, Reckamp KL, Baas P, Crino L, Eberhardt WE, Poddubskaya E, Antonia S, Pluzanski A, Vokes EE, Holgado E, Waterhouse D, Ready N, Gainor J, Aren Frontera O, Havel L, Steins M, Garassino MC, Aerts JG, Domine M, Paz-Ares L, Reck M, Baudelet C, Harbison CT, Lestini B, Spigel DR. Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced squamous-cell non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(2):123-35. .

  64. Escudier B, Sharma P, McDermott DF, George S, Hammers HJ, Srinivas S, Tykodi SS, Sosman JA, Procopio G, Plimack ER, Castellano D, Gurney H, Donskov F, Peltola K, Wagstaff J, Gauler TC, Ueda T, Zhao H, Waxman IM, Motzer RJ. CheckMate 025 randomized phase 3 study: outcomes by key baseline factors and prior therapy for nivolumab versus everolimus in advanced renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2017;72(6):962-71. .

  65. Motzer RJ, Escudier B, McDermott DF, George S, Hammers HJ, Srinivas S, Tykodi SS, Sosman JA, Procopio G, Plimack ER, Castellano D, Choueiri TK, Gurney H, Donskov F, Bono P, Wagstaff J, Gauler TC, Ueda T, Tomita Y, Schutz FA, Kollmannsberger C, Larkin J, Ravaud A, Simon JS, Xu LA, Waxman IM, Sharma P. Nivolumab versus everolimus in advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(19):1803-13. .

  66. Janjigian YY, Bendell J, Calvo E, Kim JW, Ascierto PA, Sharma P, Ott PA, Peltola K, Jaeger D, Evans J, de Braud F, Chau I, Harbison CT, Dorange C, Tschaika M, Le DT. CheckMate-032 study: efficacy and safety of nivolumab and nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with metastatic esophagogastric cancer. J Clin Oncol. 73. 2018;36(28):2836-44. .

  67. Kang YK, Boku N, Satoh T, Ryu MH, Chao Y, Kato K, Chung HC, Chen JS, Muro K, Kang WK, Yeh KH, Yoshikawa T, Oh SC, Bai LY, Tamura T, Lee KW, Hamamoto Y, Kim JG, Chin K, Oh DY, Minashi K, Cho JY, Tsuda M, Chen LT. Nivolumab in patients with advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer refractory to, or intolerant of, at least two previous chemotherapy regimens (ONO-4538-12, ATTRACTION-2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2017;390(10111):2461-71. .

  68. Ferris RL, Blumenschein Jr G, Fayette J, Guigay J, Colevas AD, Licitra L, Harrington K, Kasper S, Vokes EE, Even C, Worden F, Saba NF, Iglesias Docampo LC, Haddad R, Rordorf T, Kiyota N, Tahara M, Monga M, Lynch M, Geese WJ, Kopit J, Shaw JW, Gillison ML. Nivolumab for recurrent squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(19):1856-67. .

  69. Gillison ML, Blumenschein Jr G, Fayette J, Guigay J, Colevas AD, Licitra L, Harrington KJ, Kasper S, Vokes EE, Even C, Worden F, Saba NF, Iglesias Docampo LC, Haddad R, Rordorf T, Kiyota N, Tahara M, Monga M, 76. Lynch M, Li L, Ferris RL. CheckMate 141: 1-year update and subgroup analysis of nivolumab as first-line therapy in patients with recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer. Oncologist. 2018;23(9):1079-82. .

  70. Harrington KJ, Ferris RL, Blumenschein Jr G, Colevas AD, Fayette J, Licitra L, Kasper S, Even C, Vokes EE, 77. Worden F, Saba NF, Kiyota N, Haddad R, Tahara M, Grunwald V, Shaw JW, Monga M, Lynch M, Taylor F, DeRosa M, Morrissey L, Cocks K, Gillison ML, Guigay J. Nivolumab versus standard, single-agent therapy of investigator's choice in recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (CheckMate 141): health-related quality-of-life results from a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18(8):1104-15. .

  71. Armand P, Engert A, Younes A, Fanale M, Santoro A, Zinzani PL, Timmerman JM, Collins GP, Ramchandren R, Cohen JB, De Boer JP, Kuruvilla J, Savage KJ, Trneny M, Shipp MA, Kato K, Sumbul A, Farsaci B, Ansell SM. Nivolumab for relapsed/refractory classic hodgkin lymphoma after failure of autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation: extended follow-up of the multicohort single-arm phase II CheckMate 205 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(14):1428-39. .

  72. Eggermont AMM, Blank CU, Mandala M, Long GV, Atkinson V, Dalle S, Haydon A, Lichinitser M, Khattak A, Carlino MS, Sandhu S, Larkin J, Puig S, Ascierto PA, Rutkowski P, Schadendorf D, Koornstra R, Hernandez-Aya L, Maio M, van den Eertwegh AJM, Grob JJ, Gutzmer R, Jamal R, Lorigan P, Ibrahim N, Marreaud S, van Akkooi ACJ, Suciu S, Robert C. Adjuvant pembrolizumab versus placebo in resected stage iii melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(19):1789-801. .

  73. Robert C, Schachter J, Long GV, Arance A, Grob JJ, Mortier L, Daud A, Carlino MS, McNeil C, Lotem M, Larkin J, Lorigan P, Neyns B, Blank CU, Hamid O, Mateus C, Shapira-Frommer R, Kosh M, Zhou H, Ibrahim N, Ebbinghaus S, Ribas A. Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(26):2521-32. .

  74. Schadendorf D, Dummer R, Hauschild A, Robert C, Hamid O, Daud A, van den Eertwegh A, Cranmer L, O'Day S, Puzanov I, Schachter J, Blank C, Salama A, Loquai C, Mehnert JM, Hille D, Ebbinghaus S, Kang SP, Zhou W, Ribas A. Health-related quality of life in the randomised keynote-002 study of pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy in patients with ipilimumab-refractory melanoma. Eur J Cancer. 2016;67:46-54. .

  75. Hamid O, Puzanov I, Dummer R, Schachter J, Daud A, Schadendorf D, Blank C, Cranmer LD, Robert C, Pavlick AC, Gonzalez R, Hodi FS, Ascierto PA, Salama AKS, Margolin KA, Gangadhar TC, Wei Z, Ebbinghaus S, Ibrahim N, Ribas A. Final analysis of a randomised trial comparing pembrolizumab versus investigator-choice chemotherapy for ipilimumab-refractory advanced melanoma. Eur J Cancer. 2017;86:37-45. .

  76. Ascierto PA, Ferrucci PF, Fisher R, Del Vecchio M, Atkinson V, Schmidt H, Schachter J, Queirolo P, Long GV, Di Giacomo AM, Svane IM, Lotem M, Barsela G, Couture F, Mookerjee B, Ghori R, Ibrahim N, Moreno BH, Ribas A. Dabrafenib, trametinib and pembrolizumab or placebo in BRAF-mutant melanoma. Nat Med. 2019;25(6):941-6. .

  77. Cohen EEW, Soulieres D, Le Tourneau C, Dinis J, Licitra L, Ahn MJ, Soria A, Machiels JP, Mach N, Mehra R, Burtness B, Zhang P, Cheng J, Swaby RF, Harrington KJ. Pembrolizumab versus methotrexate, docetaxel, or cetuximab for recurrent or metastatic head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (keynote-040): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet. 2019;393(10167):156-67. .

  78. Fuchs CS, Doi T, Jang RW, Muro K, Satoh T, Machado M, Sun W, Jalal SI, Shah MA, Metges JP, Garrido M, Golan T, Mandala M, Wainberg ZA, Catenacci DV, Ohtsu A, Shitara K, Geva R, Bleeker J, Ko AH, Ku G, Philip P, Enzinger PC, Bang YJ, Levitan D, Wang J, Rosales M, Dalal RP, Yoon HH. Safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab monotherapy in patients with previously treated advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer: phase 2 clinical keynote-059 trial. JAMA Oncol. 2018;4(5):e180013. .

  79. Shitara K, Ozguroglu M, Bang YJ, Di Bartolomeo M, Mandala M, Ryu MH, Fornaro L, Olesinski T, Caglevic C, Chung HC, Muro K, Goekkurt E, Mansoor W, McDermott RS, Shacham-Shmueli E, Chen X, Mayo C, Kang SP, Ohtsu A, Fuchs CS. Pembrolizumab versus paclitaxel for previously treated, advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (keynote-061): a randomised, open-label, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2018;392(10142):123-33. .

  80. Bellmunt J, de Wit R, Vaughn DJ, Fradet Y, Lee JL, Fong L, Vogelzang NJ, Climent MA, Petrylak DP, Choueiri TK, Necchi A, Gerritsen W, Gurney H, Quinn DI, Culine S, Sternberg CN, Mai Y, Poehlein CH, Perini RF, Bajorin DF. Pembrolizumab as second-line therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(11):1015-26. .

  81. Vaughn DJ, Bellmunt J, Fradet Y, Lee JL, Fong L, Vogelzang NJ, Climent MA, Petrylak DP, Choueiri TK, Necchi A, Gerritsen W, Gurney H, Quinn DI, Culine S, Sternberg CN, Mai Y, Li H, Perini RF, Bajorin DF, de Wit R. Health-related quality-of-life analysis from keynote-045: a phase III study of pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for previously treated advanced urothelial cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(16):1579-87. .

  82. Reck M, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Robinson AG, Hui R, Csoszi T, Fulop A, Gottfried M, Peled N, Tafreshi A, Cuffe S, O'Brien M, Rao S, Hotta K, Leiby MA, Lubiniecki GM, Shentu Y, Rangwala R, Brahmer JR. Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for PD-L1-positive non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(19):1823-33. .

  83. Herbst RS, Baas P, Kim DW, Felip E, Perez-Gracia JL, Han JY, Molina J, Kim JH, Arvis CD, Ahn MJ, Majem M, Fidler MJ, de Castro Jr G, Garrido M, Lubiniecki GM, Shentu Y, Im E, Dolled-Filhart M, Garon EB. Pembrolizumab versus docetaxel for previously treated, PD-L1-positive, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (KEYNOTE-010): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2016;387(10027):1540-50 .

  84. Mok TSK, Wu YL, Kudaba I, Kowalski DM, Cho BC, Turna HZ, Castro Jr G, Srimuninnimit V, Laktionov KK, Bondarenko I, Kubota K, Lubiniecki GM, Zhang J, Kush D, Lopes G. Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for previously untreated, PD-L1-expressing, locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (keynote-042): a randomised, open-label, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2019;393(10183):1819-30. .

  85. Paz-Ares L, Luft A, Vicente D, Tafreshi A, Gumus M, Mazieres J, Hermes B, Cay Senler F, Csoszi T, Fulop A, Rodriguez-Cid J, Wilson J, Sugawara S, Kato T, Lee KH, Cheng Y, Novello S, Halmos B, Li X, Lubiniecki GM, Piperdi B, Kowalski DM. Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy for squamous non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(21):2040-51. .

  86. Fried I, Lossos A, Ben Ami T, Dvir R, Toledano H, Ben Arush MW, Postovski S, Abu Kuidar A, Yalon M, Weintraub M, Benifla M. Preliminary results of immune modulating antibody MDV9300 (pidilizumab) treatment in children with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. J Neuroon col. 2018;136(1):189-95. .

  87. Migden MR, Rischin D, Schmults CD, Guminski A, Hauschild A, Lewis KD, Chung CH, Hernandez-Aya L, Lim AM, Chang ALS, Rabinowits G, Thai AA, Dunn LA, Hughes BGM, Khushalani NI, Modi B, Schadendorf D, Gao B, Seebach F, Li S, Li J, Mathias M, Booth J, Mohan K, Stankevich E, Babiker HM, Brana I, Gil-Martin M, Homsi J, Johnson ML, Moreno V, Niu J, Owonikoko TK, Papadopoulos KP, Yancopoulos GD, Lowy I, Fury MG. PD-1 blockade with cemiplimab in advanced cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(4):341-51. .

  88. Fang W, Yang Y, Ma Y, Hong S, Lin L, He X, Xiong J, Li P, Zhao H, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Chen L, Zhou N, Zhao Y, Hou X, Yang Q, Zhang L. Camrelizumab (SHR-1210) alone or in combination with gemcitabine plus cisplatin for naso-pharyngeal carcinoma: results from two single-arm, phase 1 trials. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(10):1338-50. .

  89. Huang J, Xu B, Mo H, Zhang W, Chen X, Wu D, Qu D, Wang X, Lan B, Yang B, Wang P, Zhang H, Yang Q, Jiao Y. Safety, activity, and biomarkers of SHR-1210, an anti-PD-1 antibody, for patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2018;24(6):1296-304. .

  90. Liang L, Wen Y, Hu R, Wang L, Xia Y, Hu C, Qiao Y, Geng X, Chen T, Fei J, Hui K, Jiang X. Safety and efficacy of PD-1 blockade-activated multiple antigen-specific cellular therapy alone or in combination with apatinib in patients with advanced solid tumors: a pooled analysis of two prospective trials. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2019;68(9):1467-77. .

  91. Mo H, Huang J, Xu J, Chen X, Wu D, Qu D, Wang X, Lan B, Wang X, Xu J, Zhang H, Chi Y, Yang Q, Xu B. Safety, anti-tumour activity, and pharmacokinetics of fixed-dose SHR-1210, an anti-PD-1 antibody in advanced solid tumours: a dose-escalation, phase 1 study. Br J Cancer. 2018;119(5):538-45. .

  92. Qin S, Finn RS, Kudo M, Meyer T, Vogel A, Ducreux M, Macarulla TM, Tomasello G, Boisserie F, Hou J, Li X, Song J, Zhu AX. Rationale 301 study: tislelizumab versus sorafenib as first-line treatment for unresectable hepato-cellular carcinoma. Future Oncol. 2019;15(16):1811-22. .

  93. Shi Y, Su H, Song Y, Jiang W, Sun X, Qian W, Zhang W, Gao Y, Jin Z, Zhou J, Jin C, Zou L, Qiu L, Li W, Yang J, Hou M, Zeng S, Zhang Q, Hu J, Zhou H, Xiong Y, Liu P. Safety and activity of sintilimab in patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (ORIENT-1): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial. Lancet Haematol. 2019;6(1):e12-e19. .

  94. Fehrenbacher L, Spira A, Ballinger M, Kowanetz M, Vansteenkiste J, Mazieres J, Park K, Smith D, Artal-Cortes A, Lewanski C, Braiteh F, Waterkamp D, He P, Zou W, Chen DS, Yi J, Sandler A, Rittmeyer A. Atezolizumab versus docetaxel for patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (POPLAR): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2016;387(10030):1837-46. .

  95. Weinstock C, Khozin S, Suzman D, Zhang L, Tang S, Wahby S, Goldberg KB, Kim G, Pazdur R. U.S. food and drug administration approval summary: atezolizumab for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23(16):4534-9. .

  96. Heimes AS, Schmidt M. Atezolizumab for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2019;28(1):1-5. .

  97. Rittmeyer A, Barlesi F, Waterkamp D, Park K, Ciardiello F, von Pawel J, Gadgeel SM, Hida T, Kowalski DM, Dols MC, Cortinovis DL, Leach J, Polikoff J, Barrios C, Kabbinavar F, Frontera OA, De Marinis F, Turna H, Lee JS, Ballinger M, Kowanetz M, He P, Chen DS, Sandler A, Gandara DR. Atezolizumab versus docetaxel in patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (OAK): a phase 3, open-label, multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2017;389(10066):255-65. .

  98. Bordoni R, Ciardiello F, von Pawel J, Cortinovis D, Karagiannis T, Ballinger M, Sandler A, Yu W, He P, Matheny C, Felizzi F, Rittmeyer A. Patient-reported outcomes in OAK: a phase III study of atezolizumab versus docetaxel in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer. 2018;19(5):441-9 e4. .

  99. Horn L, Mansfield AS, Szczesna A, Havel L, Krzakowski M, Hochmair MJ, Huemer F, Losonczy G, Johnson ML, Nishio M, Reck M, Mok T, Lam S, Shames DS, Liu J, Ding B, Lopez-Chavez A, Kabbinavar F, Lin W, Sandler A, Liu SV. First-line atezolizumab plus chemotherapy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(23):2220-9. .

  100. Socinski MA, Jotte RM, Cappuzzo F, Orlandi F, Stroyakovskiy D, Nogami N, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Moro-Sibilot D, Thomas CA, Barlesi F, Finley G, Kelsch C, Lee A, Coleman S, Deng Y, Shen Y, Kowanetz M, Lopez-Chavez A, Sandler A, Reck M. Atezolizumab for first-line treatment of metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(24):2288-301. .

  101. Schmid P, Adams S, Rugo HS, Schneeweiss A, Barrios CH, Iwata H, Dieras V, Hegg R, Im SA, Shaw Wright G, Henschel V, Molinero L, Chui SY, Funke R, Husain A, Winer EP, Loi S, Emens LA. Atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel in advanced triple-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(22):2108-21 .

  102. Rini BI, Powles T, Atkins MB, Escudier B, McDermott DF, Suarez C, Bracarda S, Stadler WM, Donskov F, Lee JL, Hawkins R, Ravaud A, Alekseev B, Staehler M, Uemura M, De Giorgi U, Mellado B, Porta C, Melichar B, Gurney H, Bedke J, Choueiri TK, Parnis F, Khaznadar T, Thobhani A, Li S, Piault-Louis E, Frantz G, Huseni M, Schiff C, Green MC, Motzer RJ. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab versus sunitinib in patients with previously untreated metastatic renal cell carcinoma (IMmotion151): a multicentre, open-label, phase 3, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2019;393(10189):2404-15. .

  103. Powles T, Duran I, van der Heijden MS, Loriot Y, Vogelzang NJ, De Giorgi U, Oudard S, Retz MM, Castellano D, Bamias A, Flechon A, Gravis G, Hussain S, Takano T, Leng N, Kadel 3rd EE, Banchereau R, Hegde PS, Mariathasan S, Cui N, Shen X, Derleth CL, Green MC, Ravaud A. Atezolizumab versus chemotherapy in pa-tients with platinum-treated locally advanced or meta-static urothelial carcinoma (IMvigor211): a multicentre, open-label, phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2018;391(10122):748-57. .

  104. Powles T, O'Donnell PH, Massard C, Arkenau HT, Friedlander TW, Hoimes CJ, Lee JL, Ong M, Sridhar SS, Vogelzang NJ, Fishman MN, Zhang J, Srinivas S, Parikh J, Antal J, Jin X, Gupta AK, Ben Y, Hahn NM. Efficacy and safety of durvalumab in locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: updated results from a phase 1/2 open-label study. JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(9):e172411. .

  105. Antonia SJ, Villegas A, Daniel D, Vicente D, Murakami S, Hui R, Kurata T, Chiappori A, Lee KH, de Wit M, Cho BC, Bourhaba M, Quantin X, Tokito T, Mekhail T, Planchard D, Kim YC, Karapetis CS, Hiret S, Ostoros G, Kubota K, Gray JE, Paz-Ares L, de Castro Carpeno J, Faivre-Finn C, Reck M, Vansteenkiste J, Spigel DR, Wadsworth C, Melillo G, Taboada M, Dennis PA, Ozguroglu M. Overall survival with durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy in stage III NSCLC. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(24):2342-50. .

  106. Antonia SJ, Villegas A, Daniel D, Vicente D, Murakami S, Hui R, Yokoi T, Chiappori A, Lee KH, de Wit M, Cho BC, Bourhaba M, Quantin X, Tokito T, Mekhail T, Planchard D, Kim YC, Karapetis CS, Hiret S, Ostoros G, Kubota K, Gray JE, Paz-Ares L, de Castro Carpeno J, Wadsworth C, Melillo G, Jiang H, Huang Y, Dennis PA, Ozguroglu M. Durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy in stage III non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(20):1919-29. .

  107. Garassino MC, Cho BC, Kim JH, Mazieres J, Vansteenkiste J, Lena H, Corral Jaime J, Gray JE, Powderly J, Chouaid C, Bidoli P, Wheatley-Price P, Park K, Soo RA, Huang Y, Wadsworth C, Dennis PA, Rizvi NA. Durvalumab as third-line or later treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (Atlantic): an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(4):521-36. .

  108. Cordes LM, Gulley JL. Avelumab for the treatment of metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma. Drugs Today (Barc). 2017;53(7):377-83. .

  109. D'Angelo SP, Russell J, Lebbe C, Chmielowski B, Gambichler T, Grob JJ, Kiecker F, Rabinowits G, Terheyden P, Zwiener I, Bajars M, Hennessy M, Kaufman HL. Efficacy and safety of first-line avelumab treatment in patients with stage iv metastatic merkel cell carcinoma: a preplanned interim analysis of a clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2018;4(9):e180077. .

  110. Barlesi F, Vansteenkiste J, Spigel D, Ishii H, Garassino M, de Marinis F, Ozguroglu M, Szczesna A, Polychronis A, Uslu R, Krzakowski M, Lee JS, Calabro L, Aren Frontera O, Ellers-Lenz B, Bajars M, Ruisi M, Park K. Avelumab versus docetaxel in patients with platinum-treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (JAVELIN Lung 200): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(11):1468-79. .

  111. Motzer RJ, Penkov K, Haanen J, Rini B, Albiges L, Campbell MT, Venugopal B, Kollmannsberger C, Negrier S, Uemura M, Lee JL, Vasiliev A, Miller Jr WH, Gurney H, Schmidinger M, Larkin J, Atkins MB, Bedke J, Alekseev B, Wang J, Mariani M, Robbins PB, Chudnovsky A, Fowst C, Hariharan S, Huang B, di Pietro A, Choueiri TK. Avelumab plus axitinib versus sunitinib for advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(12):1103-15. .

  112. Moehler M, Ryu MH, Dvorkin M, Lee KW, Coskun HS, Wong R, Chung HC, Poltoratsky A, Tsuji A, Yen CJ, Muntean AS, Le Sourd S, Vaccaro GM, Overton L, Boku N, Wainberg ZA, Patel M, Sharma M, Xiong H, Conti I, Taieb J, Bang YJ. Maintenance avelumab versus continuation of first-line chemotherapy in gastric cancer: JAVELIN gastric 100 study design. Future Oncol. 2019;15(6):567-77. .

  113. Dirix LY, Takacs I, Jerusalem G, Nikolinakos P, Arkenau HT, Forero-Torres A, Boccia R, Lippman ME, Somer R, Smakal M, Emens LA, Hrinczenko B, Edenfield W, Gurtler J, von Heydebreck A, Grote HJ, Chin K, Hamilton EP. Avelumab, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, in patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer: a phase 1b JAVELIN solid tumor study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2018;167(3):671-86. .

  114. Heery CR, O'Sullivan-Coyne G, Madan RA, Cordes L, Rajan A, Rauckhorst M, Lamping E, Oyelakin I, Marte JL, Lepone LM, Donahue RN, Grenga I, Cuillerot JM, Neuteboom B, Heydebreck AV, Chin K, Schlom J, Gulley JL. Avelumab for metastatic or locally advanced previously treated solid tumours (JAVELIN solid tumor): a phase 1a, multicohort, dose-escalation trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18(5):587-98. .

  115. Patel MR, Ellerton J, Infante JR, Agrawal M, Gordon M, Aljumaily R, Britten CD, Dirix L, Lee KW, Taylor M, Schoffski P, Wang D, Ravaud A, Gelb AB, Xiong J, Rosen G, Gulley JL, Apolo AB. Avelumab in metastatic urothelial carcinoma after platinum failure (JAVELIN solid tumor): pooled results from two expansion cohorts of an open-label, phase 1 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(1):51-64. .

  116. Pujade-Lauraine E, Fujiwara K, Dychter SS, Devgan G, Monk BJ. Avelumab (anti-PD-L1) in platinum-resistant/refractory ovarian cancer: JAVELIN ovarian 200 phase III study design. Future Oncol. 2018;14(21):2103-13. .

  117. Beer TM, Kwon ED, Drake CG, Fizazi K, Logothetis C, Gravis G, Ganju V, Polikoff J, Saad F, Humanski P, Piulats JM, Gonzalez Mella P, Ng SS, Jaeger D, Parnis FX, Franke FA, Puente J, Carvajal R, Sengelov L, McHenry MB, Varma A, van den Eertwegh AJ, Gerritsen W. Randomized, double-blind, phase III trial of ipilimumab versus placebo in asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients with metastatic chemotherapy-naive castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(1):40-7. .

  118. Kwon ED, Drake CG, Scher HI, Fizazi K, Bossi A, van den Eertwegh AJ, Kramer M, Houede N, Santos R, Mahammedi H, Ng S, Maio M, Franke FA, Sundar S, Agarwal N, Bergman AM, Ciuleanu TE, Korbenfeld E, Sengelov L, Hansen S, Logothetis C, Beer TM, McHenry MB, Gagnier P, Liu D, Gerritsen WR. Ipilimumab versus placebo after radiotherapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer that had progressed after docetaxel chemotherapy (CA184-043): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15(7):700-12. .

  119. Govindan R, Szczesna A, Ahn MJ, Schneider CP, Gonzalez Mella PF, Barlesi F, Han B, Ganea DE, Von Pawel J, Vladimirov V, Fadeeva N, Lee KH, Kurata T, Zhang L, Tamura T, Postmus PE, Jassem J, O'Byrne K, Kopit J, Li M, Tschaika M, Reck M. Phase III trial of ipilimumab combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin in advanced squamous non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(30):3449-57. .

  120. Reck M, Luft A, Szczesna A, Havel L, Kim SW, Akerley W, Pietanza MC, Wu YL, Zielinski C, Thomas M, Felip E, Gold K, Horn L, Aerts J, Nakagawa K, Lorigan P, Pieters A, Kong Sanchez T, Fairchild J, Spigel D. Phase III randomized trial of ipilimumab plus etoposide and platinum versus placebo plus etoposide and platinum in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(31):3740-8. .

  121. Lynch TJ, Bondarenko I, Luft A, Serwatowski P, Barlesi F, Chacko R, Sebastian M, Neal J, Lu H, Cuillerot JM, Reck M. Ipilimumab in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin as first-line treatment in stage IIIB/IV non-small-cell lung cancer: results from a randomized, double-blind, multicenter phase II study. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(17):2046-54. .

  122. Ribas A, Kefford R, Marshall MA, Punt CJ, Haanen JB, Marmol M, Garbe C, Gogas H, Schachter J, Linette G, Lorigan P, Kendra KL, Maio M, Trefzer U, Smylie M, McArthur GA, Dreno B, Nathan PD, Mackiewicz J, Kirkwood JM, Gomez-Navarro J, Huang B, Pavlov D, Hauschild A. Phase III randomized clinical trial comparing tremelimumab with standard-of-care chemotherab in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(21):2020-31. .

  123. Hellmann MD, Ciuleanu TE, Pluzanski A, Lee JS, Otterson GA, Audigier-Valette C, Minenza E, Linardou H, Burgers S, Salman P, Borghaei H, Ramalingam SS, Brahmer J, Reck M, O'Byrne KJ, Geese WJ, Green G, Chang H, Szustakowski J, Bhagavatheeswaran P, Healey D, Fu Y, Nathan F, Paz-Ares L. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab in lung cancer with a high tumor mutational burden. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(22):2093-104. .

  124. Hodi FS, Chesney J, Pavlick AC, Robert C, Grossmann KF, McDermott DF, Linette GP, Meyer N, Giguere JK, Agarwala SS, Shaheen M, Ernstoff MS, Minor DR, Salama AK, Taylor MH, Ott PA, Horak C, Gagnier P, Jiang J, Wolchok JD, Postow MA. Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab versus ipilimumab alone in patients with advanced melanoma: 2-year overall survival outcomes in a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(11):1558-68. .

  125. Larkin J, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, Grob JJ, Cowey CL, Lao CD, Schadendorf D, Dummer R, Smylie M, Rutkowski P, Ferrucci PF, Hill A, Wagstaff J, Carlino MS, Haanen JB, Maio M, Marquez-Rodas I, McArthur GA, Ascierto PA, Long GV, Callahan MK, Postow MA, Grossmann K, Sznol M, Dreno B, Bastholt L, Yang A, Rollin LM, Horak C, Hodi FS, Wolchok JD. Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab or monotherapy in untreated melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(1):23-34. .

  126. Postow MA, Chesney J, Pavlick AC, Robert C, Grossmann K, McDermott D, Linette GP, Meyer N, Giguere JK, Agarwala SS, Shaheen M, Ernstoff MS, Minor D, Salama AK, Taylor M, Ott PA, Rollin LM, Horak C, Gagnier P, Wolchok JD, Hodi FS. Nivolumab and ipilimumab versus ipilimumab in untreated melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(21):2006-17. .

  127. Long GV, Atkinson V, Lo S, Sandhu S, Guminski AD, Brown MP, Wilmott JS, Edwards J, Gonzalez M, Scolyer RA, Menzies AM, McArthur GA. Combination nivolumab and ipilimumab or nivolumab alone in melanoma brain metastases: a multicentre randomised phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(5):672-81. .

  128. Tawbi HA, Forsyth PA, Algazi A, Hamid O, Hodi FS, Moschos SJ, Khushalani NI, Lewis K, Lao CD, Postow MA, Atkins MB, Ernstoff MS, Reardon DA, Puzanov I, Kudchadkar RR, Thomas RP, Tarhini A, Pavlick AC, Jiang J, Avila A, Demelo S, Margolin K. Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab in melanoma metastatic to the brain. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(8):722-30. .

  129. Motzer RJ, Tannir NM, McDermott DF, Aren Frontera O, Melichar B, Choueiri TK, Plimack ER, Barthelemy P, Porta C, George S, Powles T, Donskov F, Neiman V, Kollmannsberger CK, Salman P, Gurney H, Hawkins R, Ravaud A, Grimm MO, Bracarda S, Barrios CH, Tomita Y, Castellano D, Rini BI, Chen AC, Mekan S, McHenry MB, Wind-Rotolo M, Doan J, Sharma P, Hammers HJ, Escudier B. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus sunitinib in advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(14):1277-90. .

  130. Antonia S, Goldberg SB, Balmanoukian A, Chaft JE, Sanborn RE, Gupta A, Narwal R, Steele K, Gu Y, Kar- akunnel JJ, Rizvi NA. Safety and antitumour activity of durvalumab plus tremelimumab in non-small cell lung cancer: a multicentre, phase 1b study. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(3):299-308. .

  131. Bahig H, Aubin F, Stagg J, Gologan O, Ballivy O, Bissada E, Nguyen-Tan FP, Soulieres D, Guertin L, Filion E, Christopoulos A, Lambert L, Tehfe M, Ayad T, Charpentier D, Jamal R, Wong P. Phase I/II trial of durvalumab plus tremelimumab and stereotactic body radiotherapy for metastatic head and neck carcinoma. BMC Cancer. 2019;19(1):68. .

  132. Calabro L, Morra A, Giannarelli D, Amato G, D'Incecco A, Covre A, Lewis A, Rebelatto MC, Danielli R, Altomonte M, Di Giacomo AM, Maio M. Tremelimumab combined with durvalumab in patients with mesothelioma (NIBIT-MESO-1): an open-label, non-randomised, phase 2 study. Lancet Respir Med. 2018;6(6):451-60. .

  133. Necchi A, Giannatempo P, Raggi D, Mariani L, Colecchia M, Fare E, Monopoli F, Calareso G, Ali SM, Ross JS, Chung JH, Salvioni R. An open-label randomized phase 2 study of durvalumab alone or in combination with tremelimumab in patients with advanced germ cell tumors (APACHE): results from the first planned interim analysis. Eur Urol. 2019;75(1):201-3. .

  134. Planchard D, Yokoi T, McCleod MJ, Fischer JR, Kim YC, Ballas M, Shi K, Soria JC. A phase III study of durvalumab (MEDI4736) with or without tremelimumab for previously treated patients with advanced NSCLC: rationale and protocol design of the ARCTIC study. Clin Lung Cancer. 2016;17(3):232-6 e1. .

  135. Kaur A, Doberstein T, Amberker RR, Garje R, Field EH, Singh N. Immune-related adverse events in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a single-center experience. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(41):e17348. .

REFERENZIERT VON

  1. Neophytou Christiana M., Pierides Chryso, Christodoulou Maria-Ioanna, Costeas Paul, Kyriakou Theodora-Christina, Papageorgis Panagiotis, The Role of Tumor-Associated Myeloid Cells in Modulating Cancer Therapy, Frontiers in Oncology, 10, 2020. Crossref

  2. Wang Rui, Guo Hui, Tang Xiaotong, Zhang Tiantian, Liu Yang, Zhang Cheng, Yu Hanbing, Li Yumei, Interferon Gamma-Induced Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 Activates Transcription of HHLA2 and Induces Immune Escape of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells, Inflammation, 45, 1, 2022. Crossref

  3. Stege Henner, Haist Maximilian, Nikfarjam Ulrike, Schultheis Michael, Heinz Jaqueline, Pemler Saskia, Loquai Carmen, Grabbe Stephan, The Status of Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Melanoma Therapy, New Developments and Upcoming Challenges, Targeted Oncology, 16, 5, 2021. Crossref

  4. Dong Wenjuan, Wang Hu, Liu Hailin, Zhou Chunqiao, Zhang Xuelin, Wang Song, He Lin, Mendoza-Diaz Guillermo, Potential of Black Phosphorus in Immune-Based Therapeutic Strategies, Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications, 2022, 2022. Crossref

  5. Georgoulias George, Zaravinos Apostolos, Genomic landscape of the immunogenicity regulation in skin melanomas with diverse tumor mutation burden, Frontiers in Immunology, 13, 2022. Crossref

  6. Christodoulou Panayiota, Kyriakou Theodora-Christina, Boutsikos Panagiotis, Andreou Maria, Ji Yuan, Xu Damo, Papageorgis Panagiotis, Christodoulou Maria-Ioanna, Aberrant Expression and Prognostic Potential of IL-37 in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma, Biomedicines, 10, 12, 2022. Crossref

2345 Artikelansichten 61 Artikel-Downloads Metriken
2345 ANSICHTEN 61 HERUNTERLADEN 6 Crossref ZITATE Google
Scholar ZITATE

Artikel mit ähnlichem Inhalt:

Sensitization of Cancers Resistant to HER2 Antibodies Critical Reviews™ in Oncogenesis, Vol.25, 2020, issue 3
Andrew M. Scott, Hui K. Gan, Sagun Parakh
Viral Infection and Cancer: The NF-κB/Snail/RKIP Loop Regulates Target Cell Sensitivity to Apoptosis by Cytotoxic Lymphocytes Critical Reviews™ in Immunology, Vol.30, 2010, issue 1
Stavroula Baritaki, Benjamin Bonavida
Meta-Analysis of Efficacy of Chemotherapy Delivered by Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles to Tumor-Bearing Mice Critical Reviews™ in Biomedical Engineering, Vol.48, 2020, issue 6
Anthony McGoron
Critical Aspects in Rationale Design of Fluorouracil-Based Adjuvant Therapies for the Management of Colon Cancer Critical Reviews™ in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, Vol.29, 2012, issue 2
Vivek Ranjan Sinha, Honey
Emerging Immunotherapies for Cancer and Their Potential for Application in Pediatric Oncology Critical Reviews™ in Oncogenesis, Vol.20, 2015, issue 3-4
Crystal L. Mackall, Rimas J. Orentas

Neueste Ausgabe

The Value of Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and T Cell Subsets in the Severity and Prognosis of Sepsis Hao Zhou MiRNA let-7d-5p Alleviates Inflammatory Responses by Targeting Map3k1 and Inactivating ERK/p38 MAPK Signaling in Microglia Fan Fang, Cheng Chen Mechanistic Insights into Tanshinone IIA in the Amelioration of Post-Thyroidectomy Hypoparathyroidism Xiaoyu Qian, Lin Li, Liang Chen, Chao Shen, Jian Tang Effect of the p-Estrogen Receptor at Serine on Its Function and Breast Growth Yuan Liang, Junhui Qin, Tiancheng Ma, Tong Yang, Zhenyu Ke, Ruian Wang

Zukünftige Artikel

Identification of key chondrocyte apoptosis-related genes in osteoarthritis based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis and experimental verification Wei Wang, Junyi Hong, Tianyi Cao, Fusheng Ye, Junwei Gao, Shumei Qin Anoikis and Mitophagy-Related Gene Signature for Predicting the Survival and Tumor Cell Progression in Colon Cancer Jian Shen, Minzhe Li Exploring the mechanism of Isoforskolin against asthma based on network pharmacology and experimental verification Yan Fang, Shibo Sun, Chuang Xiao, Min Li, Yuanyuan Zheng, Anju Zu, Zhuang Luo Identification of a novel five-gene prognostic model for laryngeal cancer associated with mitophagy using integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification Dong Song, Lun Dong, Mei Wang, Xiaoping Gao Function of steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs) in T cells and cancers: Implications for cancer immunotherapy Wencan Zhang, Xu Cao, Hongmin Wu, Xiancai Zhong, Yun Shi, Zuoming Sun Electroacupuncture Alleviates Ischemic Stroke by Activating the mTOR/SREBP1 Pathway Jiawang Lang, Jianchang Luo, Luodan Wang, Wenbin Xu, Jie Jia, Zhipeng Zhao, Boxu Lang KIAA1429 induces the m6A modification of LINC01106 to enhance the malignancy of lung adenocarcinoma cell via JAK/STAT3 pathway Di Xu, Ziming Wang, Fajiu Li Effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine on the prevention of postoperative sleep disturbance and serum neurotransmitter level in patients under general anesthesia Huifei Lu, Fei He, Ying Huang, Zhongliang Wei
Digitales Portal Digitale Bibliothek eBooks Zeitschriften Referenzen und Berichte Forschungssammlungen Preise und Aborichtlinien Begell House Kontakt Language English 中文 Русский Português German French Spain