Erscheint 6 Ausgaben pro Jahr
ISSN Druckformat: 1040-8401
ISSN Online: 2162-6472
Indexed in
The Role of Toll-like Receptors in Regulating the Immune Response against Respiratory Syncytial Virus
ABSTRAKT
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a distinct role in battling respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. However, due to a lack of representative animal models and several early controversies, the field is unclear. In this systematic review, we have elucidated conflicting results and outlined important factors that might affect study outcomes. We reviewed studies that used different doses/viral strains, performed virus propagation in different cell lines, or used different mice strains. The following firm conclusions can be drawn: multiple TLRs activate innate immunity upon RSV infection; TLR4 can influence TLR2 expression, suggesting that optimal induction of multiple signaling pathways is required to elicit protective, rather than deleterious innate immune responses following infection; in mice, TLR4, TLR2/-6, and TLR7 have immune-stimulating properties, while TLR3 activation occurs later and appears to downregulate immune responses; in humans, polymorphism studies have demonstrated an important role for TLR4-signaling; and activation of TLR-signaling leads to antiviral cytokine production, such as TNF-a and IFNs. Viral factors may block these pathways, thereby contributing to immune evasion and RSV survival. A better understanding of the complex interplay between TLRs and severe RSV infections might lead to efficient prophylactic and therapeutic treatments, as well as the development of adequate vaccines combined with TLR adjuvants.
-
Garg Ravendra, Shrivastava Pratima, van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk Sylvia, The role of dendritic cells in innate and adaptive immunity to respiratory syncytial virus, and implications for vaccine development, Expert Review of Vaccines, 11, 12, 2012. Crossref
-
Rong Yihui, Song Haihan, You Shaoli, Zhu Bing, Zang Hong, Zhao Yi, Li Yongli, Wan Zhihong, Liu Hongling, Zhang Aimin, Xiao Long, Xin Shaojie, Association of Toll-like Receptor 3 Polymorphisms with Chronic Hepatitis B and Hepatitis B-Related Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure, Inflammation, 36, 2, 2013. Crossref
-
Marr Nico, Turvey Stuart E., Grandvaux Nathalie, Pathogen recognition receptor crosstalk in respiratory syncytial virus sensing: a host and cell type perspective, Trends in Microbiology, 21, 11, 2013. Crossref
-
Herranz Cristina, Melero José A., Martínez Isidoro, Reduced innate immune response, apoptosis, and virus release in cells cured of respiratory syncytial virus persistent infection, Virology, 410, 1, 2011. Crossref
-
Jorquera Patricia A, Oakley Katie E, Tripp Ralph A, Advances in and the potential of vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus, Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 7, 4, 2013. Crossref
-
McCullers Jonathan A., The co-pathogenesis of influenza viruses with bacteria in the lung, Nature Reviews Microbiology, 12, 4, 2014. Crossref
-
Ko Eun-Ju, Kwon Young-Man, Lee Jong Seok, Hwang Hye Suk, Yoo Si-Eun, Lee Yu-Na, Lee Young-Tae, Kim Min-Chul, Cho Min Kyoung, Lee You Ri, Quan Fu-Shi, Song Jae-Min, Lee Sujin, Moore Martin L., Kang Sang-Moo, Virus-like nanoparticle and DNA vaccination confers protection against respiratory syncytial virus by modulating innate and adaptive immune cells, Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, 11, 1, 2015. Crossref
-
Dyer Kimberly, Garcia-Crespo Katia, Glineur Stephanie, Domachowske Joseph, Rosenberg Helene, The Pneumonia Virus of Mice (PVM) Model of Acute Respiratory Infection, Viruses, 4, 12, 2012. Crossref
-
Stoppelenburg Arie J., de Roock Sytze, Hennus Marije P., Bont Louis, Boes Marianne, Elevated Th17 Response in Infants Undergoing Respiratory Viral Infection, The American Journal of Pathology, 184, 5, 2014. Crossref
-
Belderbos M. E., Knol E. F., Houben M. L., Bleek G. M., Wilbrink B., Kimpen J. L. L., Rovers M., Bont L., Low neonatal Toll-like receptor 4-mediated interleukin-10 production is associated with subsequent atopic dermatitis, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 42, 1, 2012. Crossref
-
Breindahl Morten, Rieneck Klaus, Nielsen Claus, Justesen Tage, Bendtzen Klaus, Müller Klaus, Cytokine responses in infants infected with respiratory syncytial virus, Open Journal of Immunology, 02, 01, 2012. Crossref
-
Haddad Elias K., Pantaleo Giuseppe, Systems biology in the development of HIV vaccines, Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS, 7, 1, 2012. Crossref
-
Liu Shuang, Gao Li, Wang Xia, Xing Yan, Respiratory syncytial virus infection inhibits TLR4 signaling via up-regulation of miR-26b, Cell Biology International, 39, 12, 2015. Crossref
-
Goldstein D. R., Role of Aging on Innate Responses to Viral Infections, The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 67A, 3, 2012. Crossref
-
Martínez-Gil Luis, Ayllon Juan, Ortigoza Mila Brum, García-Sastre Adolfo, Shaw Megan L., Palese Peter, Kaufmann Gunnar F., Identification of Small Molecules with Type I Interferon Inducing Properties by High-Throughput Screening, PLoS ONE, 7, 11, 2012. Crossref
-
Douville Renée N., Lissitsyn Yuriy, Hirschfeld Aaron F., Becker Allan B., Kozyrskyj Anita L., Liem Joel, Bastien Nathalie, Li Yan, Victor Rachel E., Sekhon Mehtab, Turvey Stuart E., HayGlass Kent T., Jeyaseelan Samithamby, TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile Polymorphisms: No Impact on Human Immune Responsiveness to LPS or Respiratory Syncytial Virus, PLoS ONE, 5, 8, 2010. Crossref
-
Fitch Natascha, Becker Allan B., HayGlass Kent T., Vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3] Differentially Regulates Human Innate Cytokine Responses to Bacterial versus Viral Pattern Recognition Receptor Stimuli, The Journal of Immunology, 196, 7, 2016. Crossref
-
Zhang Hui, Wang Zheng, Dong Liqun, Guo Yannan, Wu Jin, Zhai Songhui, New insight into the pathogenesis of minimal change nephrotic syndrome: Role of the persistence of respiratory tract virus in immune disorders, Autoimmunity Reviews, 15, 7, 2016. Crossref
-
McGill Jodi L., Sacco Randy E., γδ T cells and the immune response to respiratory syncytial virus infection, Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 181, 2016. Crossref
-
Schijf Marcel A., Lukens Michael V., Kruijsen Debby, van Uden Nathalie O. P., Garssen Johan, Coenjaerts Frank E. J., van’t Land Belinda, van Bleek Grada M., Thomas Paul G., Respiratory Syncytial Virus Induced Type I IFN Production by pDC Is Regulated by RSV-Infected Airway Epithelial Cells, RSV-Exposed Monocytes and Virus Specific Antibodies, PLoS ONE, 8, 11, 2013. Crossref
-
Zhou Yong, Jin Xiao-hui, Jing Ya-xing, Song Yue, He Xiao-xiang, Zheng Lan-Lan, Wang Ya-bin, Wei Zhan-yong, Zhang Gai-ping, Porcine parvovirus infection activates inflammatory cytokine production through Toll-like receptor 9 and NF-κB signaling pathways in porcine kidney cells, Veterinary Microbiology, 207, 2017. Crossref
-
Omar Shadia, Clarke Rebecca, Abdullah Haniah, Brady Clare, Corry John, Winter Hanagh, Touzelet Olivier, Power Ultan F., Lundy Fionnuala, McGarvey Lorcan P. A., Cosby S. Louise, Tripp Ralph, Respiratory virus infection up-regulates TRPV1, TRPA1 and ASICS3 receptors on airway cells, PLOS ONE, 12, 2, 2017. Crossref
-
Tan Lydia, Lemey Philippe, Houspie Lieselot, C. Viveen Marco, Jansen Nicolaas J. G., van Loon Anton M., Wiertz Emmanuel, van Bleek Grada M., Martin Darren P., Coenjaerts Frank E., Leung Frederick C. C., Genetic Variability among Complete Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Subgroup A Genomes: Bridging Molecular Evolutionary Dynamics and Epidemiology, PLoS ONE, 7, 12, 2012. Crossref
-
Matz Keesha M., Guzman R. Marena, Goodman Alan G., The Role of Nucleic Acid Sensing in Controlling Microbial and Autoimmune Disorders, in Nucleic Acid Sensing and Immunity - Part B, 345, 2019. Crossref
-
Ciencewicki Jonathan M., Wang Xuting, Marzec Jacqui, Serra M. Elina, Bell Douglas A., Polack Fernando P., Kleeberger Steven R., A genetic model of differential susceptibility to human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, The FASEB Journal, 28, 4, 2014. Crossref
-
Hijano Diego R., Vu Luan D., Kauvar Lawrence M., Tripp Ralph A., Polack Fernando P., Cormier Stephania A., Role of Type I Interferon (IFN) in the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Immune Response and Disease Severity, Frontiers in Immunology, 10, 2019. Crossref
-
Morris Susan, Swanson Michele S., Lieberman Andrew, Reed Michelle, Yue Zhenyu, Lindell Dennis M., Lukacs Nicholas W., Autophagy-Mediated Dendritic Cell Activation Is Essential for Innate Cytokine Production and APC Function with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Responses, The Journal of Immunology, 187, 8, 2011. Crossref
-
Lin Yong, RIP1-Mediated Signaling Pathways in Cell Survival and Death Control, in Necrotic Cell Death, 2014. Crossref
-
Gabryszewski Stanislaw J., Bachar Ofir, Dyer Kimberly D., Percopo Caroline M., Killoran Kristin E., Domachowske Joseph B., Rosenberg Helene F., Lactobacillus-Mediated Priming of the Respiratory Mucosa Protects against Lethal Pneumovirus Infection, The Journal of Immunology, 186, 2, 2011. Crossref
-
Barik Sailen, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Mechanisms to Interfere with Type 1 Interferons, in Challenges and Opportunities for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines, 372, 2013. Crossref
-
Kruijsen Debby, Bakkers Mark J., van Uden Nathalie O., Viveen Marco C., van der Sluis Tetje C., Kimpen Jan L., Leusen Jeanette H., Coenjaerts Frank E., van Bleek Grada M., Serum Antibodies Critically Affect Virus-Specific CD4+/CD8+T Cell Balance during Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections, The Journal of Immunology, 185, 11, 2010. Crossref
-
Reuter Sebastian, Dehzad Nina, Martin Helen, Böhm Livia, Becker Marc, Buhl Roland, Stassen Michael, Taube Christian, TLR3 but Not TLR7/8 Ligand Induces Allergic Sensitization to Inhaled Allergen, The Journal of Immunology, 188, 10, 2012. Crossref
-
Anderson Jeremy, Do Lien Anh Ha, Toh Zheng Quan, Hoe Edwin, Reitsma Andrea, Mulholland Kim, Licciardi Paul V., Vitamin D Induces Differential Effects on Inflammatory Responses During Bacterial and/or Viral Stimulation of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, Frontiers in Immunology, 11, 2020. Crossref
-
Marchesi Julian R., Cleary David W., Clarke Stuart C., The nasopharyngeal microbiome, Emerging Topics in Life Sciences, 1, 4, 2017. Crossref
-
Root-Bernstein Robert, Innate Receptor Activation Patterns Involving TLR and NLR Synergisms in COVID-19, ALI/ARDS and Sepsis Cytokine Storms: A Review and Model Making Novel Predictions and Therapeutic Suggestions, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22, 4, 2021. Crossref
-
Zhu Haixing, Shi Yuheng, Tang Wei, Shi Guocao, Wan Huanyin, Inhaled corticosteroid influence toll like receptor 2 expression in induced sputum from patients with COPD, Translational Respiratory Medicine, 1, 1, 2013. Crossref
-
van de Pol Alma C., Wolfs Tom F. W., van Loon Anton M., Tacke Carline E. A., Viveen Marco C., Jansen Nicolaas J. G., Kimpen Jan L. L., Rossen John W. A., Coenjaerts Frank E. J., Molecular Quantification of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Respiratory Samples: Reliable Detection during the Initial Phase of Infection, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 48, 10, 2010. Crossref
-
Tan Lydia, Coenjaerts Frank E. J., Houspie Lieselot, Viveen Marco C., van Bleek Grada M., Wiertz Emmanuel J. H. J., Martin Darren P., Lemey Philippe, The Comparative Genomics of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Subgroups A and B: Genetic Variability and Molecular Evolutionary Dynamics, Journal of Virology, 87, 14, 2013. Crossref
-
Zhang Xue, Chen Liang, Hu Chun, Fast David, Zhang Lu, Yang Binrui, Kan Juntao, Du Jun, Curcumin attenuates poly(I:C)-induced immune and inflammatory responses in mouse macrophages by inhibiting TLR3/TBK1/IFNB cascade, Journal of Functional Foods, 89, 2022. Crossref
-
Zhang Chen, Zhao Zhao, Zhang Peng-Qi, Guo Sheng, Zhu Bin, TLR2-mediated mucosal immune priming boosts anti-rhabdoviral immunity in early vertebrates, Antiviral Research, 203, 2022. Crossref
-
Bengoechea José A., Ito Kazuhiro, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Th1 Cells Display Impaired Response to Endotoxin, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 183, 2, 2011. Crossref
-
Chen Ya-qin, Zhou Yan, Wang Qi-li, Chen Jian, Chen Hua, Xie Hui-hui, Li Lan, Wang Kai, Conciliatory Anti-Allergic Decoction Attenuates Pyroptosis in RSV-Infected Asthmatic Mice and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced 16HBE Cells by Inhibiting TLR3/NLRP3/NF-κB/IRF3 Signaling Pathway, Journal of Immunology Research, 2022, 2022. Crossref
-
Córdova-Dávalos Laura Elena, Hernández-Mercado Alicia, Barrón-García Claudia Berenice, Rojas-Martínez Augusto, Jiménez Mariela, Salinas Eva, Cervantes-García Daniel, Impact of genetic polymorphisms related to innate immune response on respiratory syncytial virus infection in children, Virus Genes, 2022. Crossref