摘要

"Biotic diversity" (commonly referred to as "biodiversity" or "biological diversity") refers to the multi-level diversity of living organisms. Its pattern of structural-functional links between basic levels of living matter in nature is discussed in the framework of concepts outlined in a monograph by M.A. Golubets. The biodiversity of Ukraine is briefly characterized; the role and significance of the Red Data Book of Ukraine in biodiversity conservation critically estimated. The author scrupulously describes paradigms, objects, subjects, and research methods of a new branch of biological science, namely, "biodiversitology" (biodiversity science). Much attention is devoted to studies of the threat of decimation and extinction of specific structures in biodiversity: actions aimed at protection of rare and relict species valuable for medicine, industry, and science; species and landscapes which are generally recognized and conserved because of their historical and cultural values. The author examines research of Ukrainian botanists, mycologists, zoologists, and hydrobiologists in light of the International Year of Biodiversity 2010, declared by the United Nations in 2009.