摘要

Five wild European strains of culinary—medicinal maitake mushroom Grifola frondosa were compared for their growth rate, bulk cargo virulence, double board virulence, and in vitro fruiting capacity. Two strains were selected to obtain 15 new recombinant strains, which were compared for their capacity to form fruit bodies, their crop cycle time, and their yield production. Substrate formulation was developed for the best recombinant strain. Simple sawdust and wheat straw substrate, complemented with a nitrogen source, is the best way for the cultivation of G. frondosa in intensive block culture systems, with a 95% success and a yield of nearly 25% at the industrial stage. Nitrogen supplementation can increase both fruiting capacity and yield; however, the resulting carbon/nitrogen (C/N) coefficient should not be higher than 85/1, because it strongly inhibits the fruiting process in this species. The long domestication process of a wild strain is not needed to obtain good industrial results when the appropriate trophic and environmental conditions are applied.