每年出版 6 期
ISSN 打印: 2150-766X
ISSN 在线: 2150-7678
Indexed in
ENERGETIC RESIDUES FROM THE DETONATION OF COMMON US ORDNANCE
摘要
Munitions containing high explosives are used on military ranges during training. The detonation of these munitions leaves varying amounts of energetic residues on the ranges. Measuring individual detonation residues has been difficult because of the danger from unexploded ordnance on active ranges, the presence of energetics from past activities, and difficulties processing and analyzing soils containing minute quantities of explosives. A method has been developed whereby it is possible to measure energetic residues from the detonation of individual rounds. Two types of ranges have been used: snow-covered ranges underlain by frozen soil or ice. Both present a pristine sampling surface with a simple sampling matrix: snow. Using multi-increment sampling methods, we tested 11 types of munitions and looked at four scenarios: high- and low-order live-fire detonations, blow-in-place detonations, and the effect of a high-order detonation on a close-proximity unexploded ordnance item. Explosives residues deposition rates varied from 10−6% for high-order detonations to over 50% for close-proximity detonations resulting in partial detonation of the ordnance item. Implications for the range management community include groundwater contamination, security risks from unsecured high explosives, and environmental degradation leading to eventual loss of the range facilities.
-
Walsh M. R., Walsh M. E., Gagnon K., Hewitt A. D., Jenkins T. F., Subsampling of Soils Containing Energetics Residues, Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 23, 4, 2014. Crossref
-
Taylor Susan, Bigl Susan, Packer Bonnie, Condition of in situ unexploded ordnance, Science of The Total Environment, 505, 2015. Crossref
-
Hathaway John E., Rishel Jeremy P., Walsh Marianne E., Walsh Michael R., Taylor Susan, Explosive particle soil surface dispersion model for detonated military munitions, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187, 7, 2015. Crossref
-
Cumming Adam S., Environmental Aspects of Energetic Materials Use and Disposal, in Chemical Rocket Propulsion, 2017. Crossref
-
Cumming Adam S., Introduction and Overview, in Energetic Materials and Munitions, 2019. Crossref
-
Cumming Adam S., Research Priorities and the Future, in Energetic Materials and Munitions, 2019. Crossref
-
Brochu Sylvie, Thiboutot Sonia, Greener Munitions, in Energetic Materials and Munitions, 2019. Crossref
-
Walsh Michael R., Temple Tracey, Bigl Matthew F., Tshabalala Seipati F., Mai Nathalie, Ladyman Melissa, Investigation of Energetic Particle Distribution from High‐Order Detonations of Munitions, Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 42, 8, 2017. Crossref
-
Beal Samuel A., Bigl Matthew F., Particle Size Characteristics of Energetic Materials Distributed from Low-Order Functioning Mortar Munitions, Journal of Energetic Materials, 2022. Crossref